A FINE AND RARE UNDERGLAZE COPPER-RED 'MALLET' VASE, YAOLING ZUN
A FINE AND RARE UNDERGLAZE COPPER-RED 'MALLET' VASE, YAOLING ZUN
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THE PROPERTY OF A GENTLEMAN 
青花釉裏紅團花齒紋搖鈴尊  三行六字楷書款

清康熙

細節
清康熙  青花釉裏紅團花齒紋搖鈴尊  三行六字楷書款

尊撇口,細長頸,豐肩,斂腹,圈足。通體青花釉裏紅紋飾。頸肩處凸弦紋一周,腹中部四面分飾銅鏡紋,近足處環飾鋸齒紋,下勾青花三道青花線。底青花書「大清康熙年製」楷書款。

搖鈴尊為康熙朝官窰的創新造型,為珍貴的品種,傳世品中不為多見。此器造型規整,胎體細密堅致。釉裏紅色彩純正,呈色穩定、鮮豔亮麗,紋飾疏朗、清雅和諧。

此器源自胡惠春舊藏,1985年6月4日於紐約蘇富比拍賣,拍品20號;2000年10月20日於香港蘇富比拍賣,拍品14號。並著錄於《香港蘇富比三十週年》,圖版295號。
來源
Important Chinese Ceramics from the J. M. Hu Family Collection, sold at Sotheby's New York, 4 June 1985, lot 20
Previously sold at Sotheby's Hong Kong, 29 October 2000, lot 14

榮譽呈獻

Aster Ng
Aster Ng

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拍品專文

Vases of this rare form appear decorated both in underglaze cobalt-blue and also, like the current example, in underglaze copper-red with underglaze blue lines encircling the base. Both types have underglaze blue six-character Kangxi marks.

The elegant form of these vases, with their long, slender, slightly waisted necks rising from pronounced shoulders, is particularly associated with the Kangxi reign. In Chinese the name often given to this form is yaoling zun, or 'hand bell vase'. The reference is to bronze bells, which formed part of the repertoire of Chinese instruments used in formal secular and religious music, although pottery bells of similar, if less refined form, were made in China as early as the Neolithic period. A greater number of ceramic bells were made during the Warring States period, and the body of the current porcelain bell is close in form to some of the large, handsome, glazed stoneware bells made in Zhejiang province, such as the example in the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco illustrated by He Li, Chinese Ceramics, London, 1996, p. 68, no. 41.

However, in English the form is usually called mallet-form, in reference to earlier ceramic vases which took their shapes from mallets or paper-beaters. Song dynasty vases of this type, known as zhichui ping (paper-beater vase), which were particularly admired, were those of Ding ware (see Song Ceramics - Objects of Admiration, Percival David Foundation, London, 2003, pp. 20-21, no. 1) and Ru ware (see Porcelain of the National Palace Museum - Ju Ware of the Sung Dynasty, Hong Kong, 1961, pp. 30-31, pls. 3a & 3b; and pp. 32-33, pls. 4a & 4b).

However, the sides of the Kangxi porcelain form are slightly concave, in contrast to the convex sides of the Song wares, which are closer in shape to the wooden paper-beaters. In fact, the Kangxi vases are also more attenuated, and the yaoling zun seems to have been a new addition to the Qing dynasty porcelain repertoire in the Kangxi reign and was rarely seen thereafter. It has been noted by the British scholar John Ayers, in discussion of a similar vase decorated in underglaze cobalt-blue, that the form of these yaoling zun resembles in form the white Lamaist pagodas of Mongolia and Tibet. See J. Ayers, Chinese Porcelain: The S.C. Ko Tianminlou Collection, part II, Hong Kong Museum of Art, 1978, p. 76, no. 49. The vase is particularly close in form to that of the White Pagoda of the Lamaist temple in Beihai Park in Beijing, which was originally built in 1651 under the Shunzhi Emperor, but following its destruction in an earthquake in 1679, was re-built by the Kangxi Emperor in 1680.

It is not surprising to find that forms influenced by Lamaism or Tibetan Buddhism should be found amongst the porcelains of the Kangxi period. In his youth the Kangxi emperor was much influenced by his grandmother the Grand Dowager Empress Xiaozhuang, who was both a Mongol and a Lamaist Buddhist. Kangxi also compared himself, somewhat disingenuously, with a reincarnation of Kublai Khan in his relationship with his Tibetan Buddhist preceptor, Phagspa. During Kangxi's reign ten Chinese Buddhist monasteries were converted into Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. The Kangxi emperor built the Bishu shanzhuang at Chengde which was used as a retreat from the summer heat of Beijing and for hunting, but also to provide a more relaxed atmosphere in which to meet Mongol and Tibetan chieftains. In the area of Chengde Kangxi also built monasteries, and the great monastery at Dolonar was built near Beijing, which became designated as the centre for Buddhism for South Mongolia. Interestingly, some of the policies adopted by Kangxi were known as 'respecting the Dalai Lama in order to pacify Mongolia'.

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