Lot Essay
This work by Ibrahim Efendi Nefes Zadeh, Risala Gulzar-e Sawab ('The Rose Garden of the True Method'), is a celebrated treatise on the history and technicalities of calligraphy. This is the second Ottoman text on calligraphy only after Mustafa 'Ali's Epic Deeds of Artists, the earliest Ottoman text about the calligraphers and painters of the Islamic World, composed in 1587 AD.