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拍品专文
Pan was a rustic goat-god who was worshipped throughout the Greek and Roman world. His origins were in Arcadia, but he came to prominence in Athens in the early 5th century B.C. after his supposed encounter with the messenger Pheidippides on his famed Marathon run. His earliest depictions in art show him with a goat head joined to a human torso, with either goat or human legs. Later he has a bearded human head; the horns and tail are necessary for the attribution. Youthful Pans such as the present example became increasingly popular in the Hellenistic period, sometimes shown in multiples, and even occasionally as female. He came to be included in the circle of Dionysus, and was often conflated with depictions of the ubiquitous satyrs (see pp. 923-941 in J. Boardman, "Pan," in LIMC, vol. VII).
The Spencer-Churchill Pan is in essence a young satyr, complete with equine ears, but recognizable as Pan by the inclusion of budding horns emerging from his unruly wavy hair. Vermeule (p. 339, op. cit.) interpreted the Spencer-Churchill Pan as copy of an original from the period of the sculpture of the Faun of Praxiteles. It compares somewhat with the head from a marble figure of Pan in Leiden, which Boardman (p. 926, op. cit.) describes as a copy of a Polykleitan statue of about 425 B.C. or a Hellenistic version. B.S. Ridgeway (p. 189 in Hellenistic Sculpture III, The Styles of ca. 100-31 B.C.) considers the Leiden Pan a classicizing creation of the late Hellenistic Period, but copied in the Hadrianic/Antonine period. The youthful Pan type is also known in two replicas now in the British Museum, both found in 1773 in a Roman villa near Lanuvium, both signed by Marcus Cossutius Cerdo, and datable to the mid 1st century B.C. The style of these youthful Pans, according to Ridgeway (op. cit.) "epitomizes the ability of sculptors working in Rome to create statuary with Polykleitan echoes to serve primarily for the adornment of luxurious villas." For the Leiden Pan see no. 126, pp. 601-602 in H. Beck, P.C. Bol and M. Bückling, Polyklet, Der Bildhauer der griechischen Klassik.
The Spencer-Churchill Pan is in essence a young satyr, complete with equine ears, but recognizable as Pan by the inclusion of budding horns emerging from his unruly wavy hair. Vermeule (p. 339, op. cit.) interpreted the Spencer-Churchill Pan as copy of an original from the period of the sculpture of the Faun of Praxiteles. It compares somewhat with the head from a marble figure of Pan in Leiden, which Boardman (p. 926, op. cit.) describes as a copy of a Polykleitan statue of about 425 B.C. or a Hellenistic version. B.S. Ridgeway (p. 189 in Hellenistic Sculpture III, The Styles of ca. 100-31 B.C.) considers the Leiden Pan a classicizing creation of the late Hellenistic Period, but copied in the Hadrianic/Antonine period. The youthful Pan type is also known in two replicas now in the British Museum, both found in 1773 in a Roman villa near Lanuvium, both signed by Marcus Cossutius Cerdo, and datable to the mid 1st century B.C. The style of these youthful Pans, according to Ridgeway (op. cit.) "epitomizes the ability of sculptors working in Rome to create statuary with Polykleitan echoes to serve primarily for the adornment of luxurious villas." For the Leiden Pan see no. 126, pp. 601-602 in H. Beck, P.C. Bol and M. Bückling, Polyklet, Der Bildhauer der griechischen Klassik.