Lot Essay
Osman Pasha Rifki was the Minister of Defence in Egypt for a short time in the late 1880s during the period of Ahmad Orabi – the Egyptian army general and nationalist who led a revolt against Tawfiq Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan and the increasing European domination of the country. Osman Pasha was a Circassian who also served in the Egyptian-Abyssinian war of 1874-76 and bore the title of Ferik (General) at the time.