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拍品專文
This Qur’an manuscript is signed by the master scribe and illuminator Ruzbihan Muhammad al-Tab'i al-Shirazi. Although the city of Shiraz produced large numbers of illuminated and illustrated manuscripts, only a handful of artists are known by their name. In his discussion of these artists, Basil Robinson identifies two figures that may have been exclusively illuminators: ‘Abd al-Wahhab bin Fattah and Ruzbihan Muzahhib, the illuminator of our Qur’an and of a copy of Sa’di’s Kulliyyat in Oxford (Ms.Fraser.73; B.W. Robinson, ‘Painter-Illuminators of Sixteenth-Century Shiraz’, in Iran, XVII, London, 1979, pp.105-108). According to David James, Ruzbihan ‘was one of the most famous scribe-illuminators of Shiraz during the first half of the 16th century and may well have been the leading master of the city’ (David James, After Timur, Oxford, 1992, p.144). James records that Ruzbihan’s dated manuscripts range from 1514 to 1547. However Lâle Uluç identifies a Shahnama in the Topkapı Palace Library (H.1500) dated circa 1560 (Massumeh Farhad and Simon Rettig (ed.), The Art of the Qur’an: Treasures from the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts, 2016, cat.43). James suggests that the Ruzbihan Muzahhib who signed the Oxford manuscript is the same Ruzbihan in Qadi Ahmad’s famous treatise Gulistan-I hunar (‘Garden of art’, a treatise on calligraphers and painters). It appears that Ruzbihan was the son of Na’im al-Din, a well-known Shirazi scribe of the second half of the 15th century.
Ruzbihan’s masterpiece is an undated Qur'an in the Chester Beatty Library, which he copied as well as illuminated (Inv. MS. 1588; David James, Qur'ans and Bindings from the Chester Beatty Library, London, 1980, No.58, pp.77-79). He also produced a very fine Qur’an which sold at Sotheby’s, London, 5 October 2010, lot 26 and which is now in the Islamic Art Museum, Doha (MS.767.2011). For other manuscripts including two Qur'ans in the Khalili collection, see David James, After Timur, London, 1991, pp.144-160. A Qasida of Imam ‘Ali signed signed by the master scribe-illuminator sold at Christie’s South Kensington, 21 October 2016, lot 32.
Ruzbihan’s masterpiece is an undated Qur'an in the Chester Beatty Library, which he copied as well as illuminated (Inv. MS. 1588; David James, Qur'ans and Bindings from the Chester Beatty Library, London, 1980, No.58, pp.77-79). He also produced a very fine Qur’an which sold at Sotheby’s, London, 5 October 2010, lot 26 and which is now in the Islamic Art Museum, Doha (MS.767.2011). For other manuscripts including two Qur'ans in the Khalili collection, see David James, After Timur, London, 1991, pp.144-160. A Qasida of Imam ‘Ali signed signed by the master scribe-illuminator sold at Christie’s South Kensington, 21 October 2016, lot 32.