QIANLONG SIX-CHARACTER SEAL MARK IN UNDERGLAZE BLUE AND OF THE PERIOD (1736-1795)

The form tianqiuping, also known as tianqiuzun, first appeared during the Yongle period, and was also made during the Xuande reign. The form is extremely difficult to fire but makes a remarkable visual impact, and thus became one of the most precious and highly desirable types of all the Ming and Qing imperial porcelain. It is interesting to note that even the Emperor Qianlong conveyed fondness for this magnificent form, as demonstrated by an entry dated to the 25th day of the 6th month of the 3rd year of Qianlong reign [1739], where the Emperor decreed an imperial order to Tang Ying, the superintendent of the Imperial kilns at Jingdezhen, to produce an ‘enlarged Xuande-style tianqiuping’.

The elaborate lotus meander design on the globular body and the band of upright petals above the foot also appear on a Qianlong blue and white tianqiuping in the Nanjing Museum, illustrated in The Official Kiln Porcelain of the Chinese Qing Dynasty, Shanghai, 2003, p. 232, (fig. 1). However the Nanjing example has a different decoration on the shoulders and neck, reflecting the variety of decorative repertoires available at the Imperial kilns at the time.

The Chinese word for ‘lotus’ shares a similar sound as the characters for ‘yearly’ and ‘honesty’, and thus conveys the meanings of perpetuality and integrity. Although the lotus design appears often on Qing porcelain, it is very rare to find it as the main motif on a tianqiuping.