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拍品專文
This is a complete and illustrated manuscript of the Sangrahanisutra, a Jain cosmological text in Sanskrit composed by Shri Chandramuni in 1136 AD. It includes ideas about the structure of the universe and the mapping of space. Like the present example, illustrated manuscripts of this text include not only cosmic diagrams but also depictions of Jinas and various classes of gods. The universe is depicted as lokapurusha or the cosmic man with the heavens, mortal realms and the underworlds occupying different parts of the body. The illustrations of animals represent the various kalpas or ages.
The paintings in our manuscript, like other Jain manuscripts being produced in North-west and Western India in the seventeenth century, illustrate a blend of a sub-imperial Mughal style with older, established Jain conventions. Before the end of the sixteenth century, Jain artists had moved away from the use of the three-quarter profile and protruding eye to the use of full profile. There is also a noticeable shift in the depiction of dress closer to the Mughal court style. The oblong form of the folios, the red ground of the illustrations, and the division of the composition into various registers still reference the western Indian origin of the manuscript (Pal, 1994, p.98). A closely comparable folio from a Sangrahanisutra manuscript dated to circa 1630 with depictions of Hindu deities, animals, celestial musicians and dancers on red ground is in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London (Pal, 1994, no.91, p.216, ill.p.98). The museum has another slightly later complete Sangrahanisutra manuscript with comparable illustrations dated to the 18th century (IS.35:25-1971). A late 16th century comparable illustrated version is in the Detroit Museum of Art (acc.no.73.295.7A).
The paintings in our manuscript, like other Jain manuscripts being produced in North-west and Western India in the seventeenth century, illustrate a blend of a sub-imperial Mughal style with older, established Jain conventions. Before the end of the sixteenth century, Jain artists had moved away from the use of the three-quarter profile and protruding eye to the use of full profile. There is also a noticeable shift in the depiction of dress closer to the Mughal court style. The oblong form of the folios, the red ground of the illustrations, and the division of the composition into various registers still reference the western Indian origin of the manuscript (Pal, 1994, p.98). A closely comparable folio from a Sangrahanisutra manuscript dated to circa 1630 with depictions of Hindu deities, animals, celestial musicians and dancers on red ground is in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London (Pal, 1994, no.91, p.216, ill.p.98). The museum has another slightly later complete Sangrahanisutra manuscript with comparable illustrations dated to the 18th century (IS.35:25-1971). A late 16th century comparable illustrated version is in the Detroit Museum of Art (acc.no.73.295.7A).