细节
LE DOCTRINAL DE SAPIENCE. Translated from French into English by William Caxton. Westminster: William Caxton, [after 7 May 1489].
Chancery 2° (250 x 175mm). COLLATION: A-I8 K-L10 (A1r-1v Caxton's prologue to his English translation, A1v prologue to the French version, table chapter one, A2r-3r table chapters 2-93, chapter one heading, A3v text, L10r colophon: Thus endeth the doctrinal of sapyence ... whyche is translated out of Frenshe in to englysshe by Wyllyam Caxton at Westmestter fynysshed the .vii. day of may the yere of our lord Mcccclxxx ix Caxton me fieri fecit, L10v printer's woodcut device). 92 leaves. 33 lines, printed marginalia marking exempla. Type: 5:113G. Two woodcuts: one of the boy Jesus among the Doctors (Hodnett 318) on A3v, the other the Crucifixion (Hodnett 325) on B1r; printer's device (McKerrow 1b), lombard initials from several sets. (Hinges of first two quires reinforced, small wormtrack in first quire touching a few letters, partly repaired tear in first leaf, lower margin of A1.8 reinforced, upper corner of A3-5 torn with loss of a few letters, a few small stains, dampstain at hinge, marginal tear in E1, corner of final leaf replaced with loss of a few letters.) BINDING: fine mid-18th-century English gold-tooled red morocco over pasteboard, wide dentelle border on sides formed by outer saw-tooth roll and repeated impressions of an arched tool with bee, a backward-looking bird perched on top of each arch, spine decorated in compartments with small crown and other tools, two green leather labels lettered horizontally DOCTRINAL/OF/SAPYENCE and CAXTON/1489, board edges and turn-ins roll-tooled, leaf edges gilt, original blue pastedowns (flyleaves replaced later in the 18th century?).
PROVENANCE: contemporary marginal annotations, passage on C8r deleted by a censor in 1534 or after; inscription on H6v Dyr mott I prayou llok for a ka [key] at es in the chambar of my master (kindly transcribed for us by Dr. Margaret Nickson). -- Ebenezer Mussell, of Bethnal Green, owner of Caxtons, (sale Langford & Son, 30 May 1766, lot 236). Information kindly supplied by Dr. Lotte Hellinga. -- ?James West (1704-73), treasurer of the Inner Temple, president of the Royal Society (binding and pastedowns very similar to the Rockingham Chaucer, not in his sale 29 March 1773, but perhaps, like the Chaucer, sold privately to Ratcliffe). -- John Ratcliffe, Bermondsey chandler (sale Christie's 3 April 1776, lot 1426, £8.8 to Walter Shropshire, bookseller/auctioneer of New Bond Street). -- Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730-82), Christie's bill among Wentworth-Fitzwilliam papers at Sheffield City Archive. -- Earls Fitzwilliam (bookplate of the 7th Earl Fitzwilliam).
FIRST ENGLISH EDITION. Caxton states in his prologue that the Doctrinal is intended for simple priests who may not understand the Scriptures to 'lerne and teche to theyr parysshes', and for simple people. To further the understanding of this unsophisticated audience, exempla have been provided which 'styreth and moveth the peple that ben symple more to devocion'. The Doctrinal provides the parish priest or lay person with the basic tenets of religious devotion: the Creed, the Ten Commandments, and explanations of the vices, virtues and sacraments. Although simplified, Caxton emphasises that the text was made with 'grete counseyl and deliberacion. & is approuved'; the original French text had been approved by the learned doctors of Paris. The Doctrinal draws substantially on the medieval Somme le Roi for its text. Interestingly, the Ryal Book, printed by Caxton in about 1485-86, shares many passages with the Doctrinal from that source, altered somewhat for a more sophisticated audience (see J.E. Gallagher, 'The Sources of Caxton's Ryal Book and Doctrinal of Sapience', Studies in Philology, 62, 1965, pp.40-62).
COMPLETE AND UNSOPHISTICATED, in spite of the fact that De Ricci lists the copy as lacking the final leaf. A copy in the Royal Library at Windsor is the only one known printed on vellum. The vellum is coarse and discoloured, but it must have been a presentation copy. Caxton is not known to have printed any other edition on vellum, and so it may have been an unsuccessful experiment, which he did not repeat. Also, the Windsor Castle copy has an additional quire of 4 leaves (3 printed, one blank) containing the text of chapter 64, headed: 'Of the Negligences happening in the Mass, and of the Remedies. Cap. lxiiii'. This chapter was not considered fit for the layperson, and so its publication was restricted. Caxton included the chapter heading, but not the chapter, in the book (on I2v), stating: 'I pass over for it apperteyneth to prestes & not to laie men'. This explanation is repeated at the end of the chapter itself in the Windsor copy: 'this chapter to fore I durst not set in the book, by cause it is not convenient ne appertaining that every layman should know it.' As Painter (p.170) remarks, Caxton evidently worked under the expert ecclesiastical supervision of an unnamed client.
HC 14017; Duff 127; De Ricci 40.10; STC 21431; GW 8625; Blades 71; Needham Appendix D, Cx 94; Goff D-302.
Chancery 2° (250 x 175mm). COLLATION: A-I8 K-L10 (A1r-1v Caxton's prologue to his English translation, A1v prologue to the French version, table chapter one, A2r-3r table chapters 2-93, chapter one heading, A3v text, L10r colophon: Thus endeth the doctrinal of sapyence ... whyche is translated out of Frenshe in to englysshe by Wyllyam Caxton at Westmestter fynysshed the .vii. day of may the yere of our lord Mcccclxxx ix Caxton me fieri fecit, L10v printer's woodcut device). 92 leaves. 33 lines, printed marginalia marking exempla. Type: 5:113G. Two woodcuts: one of the boy Jesus among the Doctors (Hodnett 318) on A3v, the other the Crucifixion (Hodnett 325) on B1r; printer's device (McKerrow 1b), lombard initials from several sets. (Hinges of first two quires reinforced, small wormtrack in first quire touching a few letters, partly repaired tear in first leaf, lower margin of A1.8 reinforced, upper corner of A3-5 torn with loss of a few letters, a few small stains, dampstain at hinge, marginal tear in E1, corner of final leaf replaced with loss of a few letters.) BINDING: fine mid-18th-century English gold-tooled red morocco over pasteboard, wide dentelle border on sides formed by outer saw-tooth roll and repeated impressions of an arched tool with bee, a backward-looking bird perched on top of each arch, spine decorated in compartments with small crown and other tools, two green leather labels lettered horizontally DOCTRINAL/OF/SAPYENCE and CAXTON/1489, board edges and turn-ins roll-tooled, leaf edges gilt, original blue pastedowns (flyleaves replaced later in the 18th century?).
PROVENANCE: contemporary marginal annotations, passage on C8r deleted by a censor in 1534 or after; inscription on H6v Dyr mott I prayou llok for a ka [key] at es in the chambar of my master (kindly transcribed for us by Dr. Margaret Nickson). -- Ebenezer Mussell, of Bethnal Green, owner of Caxtons, (sale Langford & Son, 30 May 1766, lot 236). Information kindly supplied by Dr. Lotte Hellinga. -- ?James West (1704-73), treasurer of the Inner Temple, president of the Royal Society (binding and pastedowns very similar to the Rockingham Chaucer, not in his sale 29 March 1773, but perhaps, like the Chaucer, sold privately to Ratcliffe). -- John Ratcliffe, Bermondsey chandler (sale Christie's 3 April 1776, lot 1426, £8.8 to Walter Shropshire, bookseller/auctioneer of New Bond Street). -- Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730-82), Christie's bill among Wentworth-Fitzwilliam papers at Sheffield City Archive. -- Earls Fitzwilliam (bookplate of the 7th Earl Fitzwilliam).
FIRST ENGLISH EDITION. Caxton states in his prologue that the Doctrinal is intended for simple priests who may not understand the Scriptures to 'lerne and teche to theyr parysshes', and for simple people. To further the understanding of this unsophisticated audience, exempla have been provided which 'styreth and moveth the peple that ben symple more to devocion'. The Doctrinal provides the parish priest or lay person with the basic tenets of religious devotion: the Creed, the Ten Commandments, and explanations of the vices, virtues and sacraments. Although simplified, Caxton emphasises that the text was made with 'grete counseyl and deliberacion. & is approuved'; the original French text had been approved by the learned doctors of Paris. The Doctrinal draws substantially on the medieval Somme le Roi for its text. Interestingly, the Ryal Book, printed by Caxton in about 1485-86, shares many passages with the Doctrinal from that source, altered somewhat for a more sophisticated audience (see J.E. Gallagher, 'The Sources of Caxton's Ryal Book and Doctrinal of Sapience', Studies in Philology, 62, 1965, pp.40-62).
COMPLETE AND UNSOPHISTICATED, in spite of the fact that De Ricci lists the copy as lacking the final leaf. A copy in the Royal Library at Windsor is the only one known printed on vellum. The vellum is coarse and discoloured, but it must have been a presentation copy. Caxton is not known to have printed any other edition on vellum, and so it may have been an unsuccessful experiment, which he did not repeat. Also, the Windsor Castle copy has an additional quire of 4 leaves (3 printed, one blank) containing the text of chapter 64, headed: 'Of the Negligences happening in the Mass, and of the Remedies. Cap. lxiiii'. This chapter was not considered fit for the layperson, and so its publication was restricted. Caxton included the chapter heading, but not the chapter, in the book (on I2v), stating: 'I pass over for it apperteyneth to prestes & not to laie men'. This explanation is repeated at the end of the chapter itself in the Windsor copy: 'this chapter to fore I durst not set in the book, by cause it is not convenient ne appertaining that every layman should know it.' As Painter (p.170) remarks, Caxton evidently worked under the expert ecclesiastical supervision of an unnamed client.
HC 14017; Duff 127; De Ricci 40.10; STC 21431; GW 8625; Blades 71; Needham Appendix D, Cx 94; Goff D-302.
拍场告示
Leaf B1 is possibly supplied from another copy.