CIMIER TLINGIT
A TLINGIT HEADDRESS
CIMIER TLINGIT
A TLINGIT HEADDRESS
CIMIER TLINGIT
A TLINGIT HEADDRESS
CIMIER TLINGIT
A TLINGIT HEADDRESS
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On occasion, Christie's has a direct financial int… Read more
CIMIER TLINGITA TLINGIT HEADDRESS

COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE, CANADA

Details
CIMIER TLINGIT
A TLINGIT HEADDRESS
COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE, CANADA
Hauteur : 38.1 cm. (15 in.)
Provenance
Paul Rabut (1914-1983), Connecticut
Collection Michael (Mike) Kokin (1936-2015), Santa Fe, Nouveau-Mexique
Ted Trotta et Anna Bono, New York
Eugene Chesrow, Chicago, acquis avant avril 1993
George Everett Shaw, Aspen, Colorado
Acquis par l'actuel propriétaire en 1993
Special notice
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Lot Essay

Cette coiffe représente très probablement un aigle surmonté d’un martin-pêcheur ou d’une mouette. Portée sur la tête, elle était utilisée à l’occasion de cérémonies tenues par le chef du Clan de l’Aigle. La coiffe est ornée de vibrisses de lion de mer, des éléments précieux qui lui conférent une aura dramatique. Les incrustations de nacre d’ormeaux renforçaient le prestige de l’objet et celui de son propriétaire. Les emblèmes claniques de ce type, représentations symboliques d’espèces animales et de créatures surnaturelles, étaient choisis à la suite de rencontres mystiques.

Des coiffes de ce type peuvent également être intégrées à l’usage chamanique. Notre exemplaire comporte un détail extraordinaire pouvant traduire l’idée de transformation : deux mains sortent de la bouche du masque du faucon. Ce détail pouvait être perçu comme un aspect surréaliste par le regard occidental. Dans cette perspective, il est tentant de considérer son iconographie quelque peu évocatrice avant la lettre de Max Ernst et de ses explorations ultérieures du symbolisme aviaire et de l’identité totémique : « Le 2 avril 1891 à 9h45, Max Ernst avait son premier contact avec le monde sensible lorsqu’il sortit de l’oeuf que sa mère avait pondu dans un nid d’aigle et que l’oiseau avait couvé là sept années durant. Une confusion dangereuse entre les oiseaux et les humains s’est fixée dans sa tête et s’est affirmée dans ses dessins et peintures. L’obsession le hantait jusqu’à ce qu’il érigea Le Monument aux Oiseaux en 1927, et même plus tard, M. Ernst s’identifia volontairement à Loplop, le supérieur des oiseaux. » (Ernst, M., « Some data on the youth of M.E. as Told by Himself », View, n° 1, 1942, pp. 28-30).

Ce rare type de cimier est similaire à deux autres exemplaires qu’on retrouve dans les collections publiques : le premier acquis auprès d’Emmons en 1893, aujourd’hui dans la collection de l’American Museum of Natural History (inv. n° E2364 ; voir Wardell, A., Tangible Visions: Northwest Coast Indian Shamanism and Its Art, New York, 1996, pp. 189 et 261), le second collecté par I. G. Voznesenskii entre 1839 et 1845 (Brown, S., Spirits of the Water. Native Art collected on Expeditions to Alaska and British Columbia, 1774-1910, Washington, 2000, p. 109, fig. 66).

This headdress, worn on top of the head, most likely depicts an eagle surmounted by a kingfisher or a sea gull. It was used on ceremonial occasions by the leader of an eagle-moiety clan. The sea lion whiskers were valued elements that lent a dramatic aura to the headgear, while the abalone inlays enhanced the prestige of the object and that of its owner. Clan emblems of this type are symbolic representations of animal species and supernatural creatures that were adopted as a result of mystical encounters.

Headdresses of this type could also be incorporated into shamanic use. Here, an extraordinary detail might address the idea of shamanic transformation: two human hands protrude out of the mouth of the hawk mask. This detail contributes largely to what Western eyes might perceive also as the surrealist aspect of this headdress. In such perspective, it is tempting to consider its iconography someway evocative avant la lettre of Max Ernst later explorations of avian symbolism and totemic identity: “ The 2nd of April (1891) at 9:45am Max Ernst had his first contact with the sensible world, when he came out of the egg which his mother had laid in an eagle’s nest and which the bird had brooded for seven years… A dangerous confusion between birds and humans became encrusted in his mind and asserted itself in his drawings and paintings. The obsession haunted him until he erected the Birds’s Memorial Monument in 1927, and even later Max identified himself voluntarily with Loplop, the Superior of the Birds.” (Ernst, M., "Some data on the youth of M.E. as Told by Himself", View, no. 1, 1942, pp. 28-30)

This rare type of headdress is similar to two others, to be found in public collections, of which one purchased from Emmons in 1893, now in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, inv. no. E 2364 (see Wardwell, A., Tangible Visions: Northwest Coast Indian Shamanism and Its Art, New York 1996, pp. 261 and 189); the other one collected by I. G. Voznesenskii between 1839 and 1845, currently in the collection of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersbourg, no. 571-19 (see Brown, S., Spirits of the Water. Native Art collected on Expeditions to Alaska and British Columbia, 1774-1910, Washington, 2000, p. 109, fig. 66).

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