细节
PSALTER, WITH SHORT HOURS OF THE VIRGIN, in Latin, with French verse, ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT ON VELLUM
[South Eastern France, Grenoble? not after 1484]
273 x 190mm., 218 leaves (of 225), with catchwords and (slightly erratic) contemporary foliation, collation: 1-26, 34, 4-98 [ 6/2 blank, 9/6 blank], 108+1, 11-298 [-13/3, -20/5, -27/8 blank, -28/7-8 blank?], (lacking folios 34, 62, 92 and 150 apparently with miniatures, and 209 blank, 216-217 possibly blank), 26 lines, ruled in red ink, justification: 158 x 98mm., written in brown ink in a bâtarda, rubrics in red, 15 calligraphic initals with grotesque heads, one- and two-line initials in gold on red or blue ground and similar line-fillers, 4 five- and six-line initials modelled in red or blue and infilled with flowers on gold ground, 5 HISTORIATED FIVE-LINE INITIALS AND 10 LARGE MINIATURES WITH HISTORICAL BORDERS (partly cut away), later calendar miniatures, with floral and foliate panel borders and 4 small miniatures of the Evangelists, possibly added in the 16th century, contemporary blind-tooled panelled calf over wooden boards (rubbed, rebacked in the early 19th century, and again later, traces of clasps), it was probably during the earlier rebacking that the 3 blank vellum leaves replacing miniatures were inserted.
PROVENANCE:
1) Most likely made in the area of Grenoble, perhaps at the Grande Chartreuse. The calendar lists (all in black) Hugo, bishop of Grenoble (1 April, also in the litany), Theobald (1 July), Philibert (19 August), Leodgar (2 October), also Dedicatio ecclesiae inferioris (21 June). Two notarial documents have been pasted inside the upper and lower covers; they are land deeds, possibly for a marriage settlement, dated 1377 in 'Parrochia de Seyssino' and 1402 in 'Parrochia de Ingeniis', probably the modern parishes of Seyssins and Engins, both in the Grenoble area. The documents themselves are 15th century copies, the name of the notary having been erased. At the foot of the second document he has written "Istud Psalterium est michi a mense marcii miiiic lxxxiiii et illud feci fieri sumptibus meis", i.e. I had this Psalter made for me in the month of March 1484.
2) The Psalter was in Vienne, south of Lyon, in 1560. An inscription at the head of the first leaf reads (under ultraviolet light) "Tout mon desir dieu servy Hanc abbe de Saint Pierre de Vienne 1560". St. Mamertus, patron saint of Vienne, has also been added to the calendar (11 May) in the 16th century.
3) Edward Francis Searles of Methuen, Mass., bequeathed to
4) B. Allen Rowland of Lawrence, Massachussetts, who placed the manuscript on deposit in the Beinecke Library of Yale University in 1957.
TEXT (following the original foliation):
(f.1-12) Calendar, with monthly medical advice about letting blood and suitable diet; (f.13-16) Gospel Sequences; (f.17-33) Pater Noster, followed by Ave Maria and other prayers; f.34 blank; (f.35-40) Orationes ad beatam Virginem; (f.40v-46) Devotion in French verse: A Toy Royne de haust parage Dame du ciel et de la terre me vien complaindre de l'outrage de lennemy qui me fait guerre /....; ff 48 blank; (f.49-61) Short Hours of the Virgin for the use of Rome; (f.62-66) Short Hours of the Cross and of the Holy Ghost; (f.67-73) Office of the Dead; f.74 blank; (f.75-194) Psalms [Beatus Vir; f.93.Dominus illuminacio mea; f.104 Dixi Custodiam; f. 115 Dixit insipiens; f.126.Salvum me fac; f.138v.Exultate Deo; (f.151 lacking beginning of Ps.97); f.183v.Dixit Dominus); (f.195-204) Biblical Canticles beginning with 'Canticum Ysaye'; (f.204v-206v) Litany; (f.207-209) Various Prayers; in a different hand (f.210-214) Susicpere dignem domine deus omnipotens hos versus quos ego famulus tuus, f.215 blank, 216 lacking; (f.217-218) Prayers to St. Sebastian; (f.219-225) list of the contents of this volume, probably compiled by the original foliator.
DECORATION:
We have been unable to identify the artist or school of the miniatures, which, although provincial, have quality and exuberance. The book has an extraordinary rich and unusual cycle illustrating the history of King David, quite unlike any in other known French manuscripts. The illustrations show Italian influence.
Each large miniature originally had a border of 6 or 7 compartments in the outer and lower margins, each containing a smaller historical scene. Unfortunately a few of these compartments have been cut away. The spaces for the four Evangelists in the Gospel Sequences were originally left blank and painted in the 16th century, as were the calendar miniatures and floral outer panel borders.
THE SUBJECTS OF THE MINIATURES ARE:
folio 17. Salvator Mundi, Christ enthroned surrounded by a host of angels (the border has been cut away).
folio 49. The Annunciation. With border of 6 compartments depicting 1. The Meeting at the Golden Gate. 2. The Birth of the Virgin. 3. The Presentation of the Virgin at the Temple by Anne and Joachim. 4.Anne teaching Mary to read. 5. The Virgin carding wool on a frame. 6. The Marriage between Mary and Joseph.
folio 65. Pentecost, the Virgin surrounded by the Apostles, tongues of flames descending from the Holy Ghost (the border has been cut away).
folio 67. Job sitting on the dungheap, surrounded by two of his friends and two women, one apparently Job's wife remonstrating. One of the friends is holding his nose against the smell. With border of 6 compartments depicting 1. Satan tempting Job. 2. The messenger coming to tell the praying Job that his herd has been lost. 3. Job being scourged by Satan. 4. A storm topples the tower of Job's house, killing his son. 5. Job on the dunghill arguing with Elihu. 6. Job's two friends playing music, a tambourine and lute, to cheer Job. (This miniature is by an inferior artist).
folio 75. David, between two of his brethren, being anointed by Samuel, who is flanked by the archangel Gabriel and Jesse. A large crowd, including a fool, behind them, within an arched chamber. The miniature within a golden arched frame decorated with pearls. Two putti holding blank armorial shields above. With border of 7 smaller miniatures (one cut out). 1. David as a shepherd, with his harp. 2. David playing his harp before Samuel. 3. The Philistine army approaching the city of Socoh and Goliath issuing his challenge. 4. Goliath in his armour smitten by David. 5. The Israelite women praising David (this has been mostly cut out). 6. David carrying the head of Goliath leading the Israelite army. 7. Saul throwing his javelin at David, while he is playing his harp. The inner border shows a gothic tower with eight chambers, each inhabited by a courtier.
folio 104. David at Rameh. He is enthroned, the prophet Samuel with the archangel Gabriel standing before him. Border of 6 compartments depicting 1. David on his horse preparing for his flight from Saul. 2. David with his army meets King Achish. 3. Saul and his army asleep in a tent, David outside with Michal. 4. Saul asleep in his tent, David handing Abigail Saul's spear and pitcher of water. 5. Marriage of David and Abigail. 6. David on his throne with a servant woman? The inner border shows a gothic tower with the figure of a courtier in one chamber. Below an historiated initial 'P' showing Moses holding a scroll.
folio 126. David bringing the Arc of the Covenant into Jerusalem, surrounded by a large crowd blowing trumpets. Uzzah having touched the ark lies dead on the ground. Michal watching from the window of the palace. With a surround of 6 compartments depicting 1. David handing Uriah a letter for Joab. 2. David receives news of Uriah's death. 3. David watching the naked Bathsheba having her bath. 4. Uriah on the battlefield. 5. Nathan admonishing David. 6. David calling Bathsheba to his house. The inner border has a gothic tower with a courtier, headed by a grotesque. Below an historiated initial 'P' showing David reading a letter.
folio 138v. Jahweh's punishment of David, after his census of the Israelites. David praying asking forgiveness, the prophet Gad standing behind to intercede with Jahweh. Before them three figures, a soldier, death and an old woman, symbolizing war, pestilence and famine. Above the angel of death holding a sword dripping with blood falling to the earth. With a border of 6 compartments (one cut away) depicting 1. David with his harp in the wilderness. 2. Amnon raping Tamar on her bed. 3. Absalom killing Amnon in revenge during a festive meal. 4. David lamenting for Absalom. 5. David receiving news of Absalom's death. (compartment 6 cut away). The inner border has a gothic tower containing a courtier. Below an historiated initial 'P' of David holding a scroll.
folio 163. The judgement of Solomon, who is surrounded by courtiers. A man with a sword holding the disputed child, the two mothers before him (a small portion, probably the dead child lying on the ground had been cut away). With a border of 6 compartments (one cut away) depicting 1. The death of David. 2. Nathan choses Solomon to be king. (compartment 3 cut away) 4. Solomon receiving the Queen of Sheba, with two other princesses offering gold and spices. 5. Solomon's second dream of Jahweh consecrating his temple. 6. Solomon teaching. Inner border of a gothic tower containing a king and two courtiers in a chamber below.
[South Eastern France, Grenoble? not after 1484]
273 x 190mm., 218 leaves (of 225), with catchwords and (slightly erratic) contemporary foliation, collation: 1-26, 34, 4-98 [ 6/2 blank, 9/6 blank], 108+1, 11-298 [-13/3, -20/5, -27/8 blank, -28/7-8 blank?], (lacking folios 34, 62, 92 and 150 apparently with miniatures, and 209 blank, 216-217 possibly blank), 26 lines, ruled in red ink, justification: 158 x 98mm., written in brown ink in a bâtarda, rubrics in red, 15 calligraphic initals with grotesque heads, one- and two-line initials in gold on red or blue ground and similar line-fillers, 4 five- and six-line initials modelled in red or blue and infilled with flowers on gold ground, 5 HISTORIATED FIVE-LINE INITIALS AND 10 LARGE MINIATURES WITH HISTORICAL BORDERS (partly cut away), later calendar miniatures, with floral and foliate panel borders and 4 small miniatures of the Evangelists, possibly added in the 16th century, contemporary blind-tooled panelled calf over wooden boards (rubbed, rebacked in the early 19th century, and again later, traces of clasps), it was probably during the earlier rebacking that the 3 blank vellum leaves replacing miniatures were inserted.
PROVENANCE:
1) Most likely made in the area of Grenoble, perhaps at the Grande Chartreuse. The calendar lists (all in black) Hugo, bishop of Grenoble (1 April, also in the litany), Theobald (1 July), Philibert (19 August), Leodgar (2 October), also Dedicatio ecclesiae inferioris (21 June). Two notarial documents have been pasted inside the upper and lower covers; they are land deeds, possibly for a marriage settlement, dated 1377 in 'Parrochia de Seyssino' and 1402 in 'Parrochia de Ingeniis', probably the modern parishes of Seyssins and Engins, both in the Grenoble area. The documents themselves are 15th century copies, the name of the notary having been erased. At the foot of the second document he has written "Istud Psalterium est michi a mense marcii miiiic lxxxiiii et illud feci fieri sumptibus meis", i.e. I had this Psalter made for me in the month of March 1484.
2) The Psalter was in Vienne, south of Lyon, in 1560. An inscription at the head of the first leaf reads (under ultraviolet light) "Tout mon desir dieu servy Hanc abbe de Saint Pierre de Vienne 1560". St. Mamertus, patron saint of Vienne, has also been added to the calendar (11 May) in the 16th century.
3) Edward Francis Searles of Methuen, Mass., bequeathed to
4) B. Allen Rowland of Lawrence, Massachussetts, who placed the manuscript on deposit in the Beinecke Library of Yale University in 1957.
TEXT (following the original foliation):
(f.1-12) Calendar, with monthly medical advice about letting blood and suitable diet; (f.13-16) Gospel Sequences; (f.17-33) Pater Noster, followed by Ave Maria and other prayers; f.34 blank; (f.35-40) Orationes ad beatam Virginem; (f.40v-46) Devotion in French verse: A Toy Royne de haust parage Dame du ciel et de la terre me vien complaindre de l'outrage de lennemy qui me fait guerre /....; ff 48 blank; (f.49-61) Short Hours of the Virgin for the use of Rome; (f.62-66) Short Hours of the Cross and of the Holy Ghost; (f.67-73) Office of the Dead; f.74 blank; (f.75-194) Psalms [Beatus Vir; f.93.Dominus illuminacio mea; f.104 Dixi Custodiam; f. 115 Dixit insipiens; f.126.Salvum me fac; f.138v.Exultate Deo; (f.151 lacking beginning of Ps.97); f.183v.Dixit Dominus); (f.195-204) Biblical Canticles beginning with 'Canticum Ysaye'; (f.204v-206v) Litany; (f.207-209) Various Prayers; in a different hand (f.210-214) Susicpere dignem domine deus omnipotens hos versus quos ego famulus tuus, f.215 blank, 216 lacking; (f.217-218) Prayers to St. Sebastian; (f.219-225) list of the contents of this volume, probably compiled by the original foliator.
DECORATION:
We have been unable to identify the artist or school of the miniatures, which, although provincial, have quality and exuberance. The book has an extraordinary rich and unusual cycle illustrating the history of King David, quite unlike any in other known French manuscripts. The illustrations show Italian influence.
Each large miniature originally had a border of 6 or 7 compartments in the outer and lower margins, each containing a smaller historical scene. Unfortunately a few of these compartments have been cut away. The spaces for the four Evangelists in the Gospel Sequences were originally left blank and painted in the 16th century, as were the calendar miniatures and floral outer panel borders.
THE SUBJECTS OF THE MINIATURES ARE:
folio 17. Salvator Mundi, Christ enthroned surrounded by a host of angels (the border has been cut away).
folio 49. The Annunciation. With border of 6 compartments depicting 1. The Meeting at the Golden Gate. 2. The Birth of the Virgin. 3. The Presentation of the Virgin at the Temple by Anne and Joachim. 4.Anne teaching Mary to read. 5. The Virgin carding wool on a frame. 6. The Marriage between Mary and Joseph.
folio 65. Pentecost, the Virgin surrounded by the Apostles, tongues of flames descending from the Holy Ghost (the border has been cut away).
folio 67. Job sitting on the dungheap, surrounded by two of his friends and two women, one apparently Job's wife remonstrating. One of the friends is holding his nose against the smell. With border of 6 compartments depicting 1. Satan tempting Job. 2. The messenger coming to tell the praying Job that his herd has been lost. 3. Job being scourged by Satan. 4. A storm topples the tower of Job's house, killing his son. 5. Job on the dunghill arguing with Elihu. 6. Job's two friends playing music, a tambourine and lute, to cheer Job. (This miniature is by an inferior artist).
folio 75. David, between two of his brethren, being anointed by Samuel, who is flanked by the archangel Gabriel and Jesse. A large crowd, including a fool, behind them, within an arched chamber. The miniature within a golden arched frame decorated with pearls. Two putti holding blank armorial shields above. With border of 7 smaller miniatures (one cut out). 1. David as a shepherd, with his harp. 2. David playing his harp before Samuel. 3. The Philistine army approaching the city of Socoh and Goliath issuing his challenge. 4. Goliath in his armour smitten by David. 5. The Israelite women praising David (this has been mostly cut out). 6. David carrying the head of Goliath leading the Israelite army. 7. Saul throwing his javelin at David, while he is playing his harp. The inner border shows a gothic tower with eight chambers, each inhabited by a courtier.
folio 104. David at Rameh. He is enthroned, the prophet Samuel with the archangel Gabriel standing before him. Border of 6 compartments depicting 1. David on his horse preparing for his flight from Saul. 2. David with his army meets King Achish. 3. Saul and his army asleep in a tent, David outside with Michal. 4. Saul asleep in his tent, David handing Abigail Saul's spear and pitcher of water. 5. Marriage of David and Abigail. 6. David on his throne with a servant woman? The inner border shows a gothic tower with the figure of a courtier in one chamber. Below an historiated initial 'P' showing Moses holding a scroll.
folio 126. David bringing the Arc of the Covenant into Jerusalem, surrounded by a large crowd blowing trumpets. Uzzah having touched the ark lies dead on the ground. Michal watching from the window of the palace. With a surround of 6 compartments depicting 1. David handing Uriah a letter for Joab. 2. David receives news of Uriah's death. 3. David watching the naked Bathsheba having her bath. 4. Uriah on the battlefield. 5. Nathan admonishing David. 6. David calling Bathsheba to his house. The inner border has a gothic tower with a courtier, headed by a grotesque. Below an historiated initial 'P' showing David reading a letter.
folio 138v. Jahweh's punishment of David, after his census of the Israelites. David praying asking forgiveness, the prophet Gad standing behind to intercede with Jahweh. Before them three figures, a soldier, death and an old woman, symbolizing war, pestilence and famine. Above the angel of death holding a sword dripping with blood falling to the earth. With a border of 6 compartments (one cut away) depicting 1. David with his harp in the wilderness. 2. Amnon raping Tamar on her bed. 3. Absalom killing Amnon in revenge during a festive meal. 4. David lamenting for Absalom. 5. David receiving news of Absalom's death. (compartment 6 cut away). The inner border has a gothic tower containing a courtier. Below an historiated initial 'P' of David holding a scroll.
folio 163. The judgement of Solomon, who is surrounded by courtiers. A man with a sword holding the disputed child, the two mothers before him (a small portion, probably the dead child lying on the ground had been cut away). With a border of 6 compartments (one cut away) depicting 1. The death of David. 2. Nathan choses Solomon to be king. (compartment 3 cut away) 4. Solomon receiving the Queen of Sheba, with two other princesses offering gold and spices. 5. Solomon's second dream of Jahweh consecrating his temple. 6. Solomon teaching. Inner border of a gothic tower containing a king and two courtiers in a chamber below.