![[LAFRERI, Antonio (c.1512-1577) and Claudio DUCHETTI (d.1585)]. Geographia tavole moderne di geografia de la maggior parte del mondo di diverse autori raccolte et messe secondo l'ordine di Tolomeo con i disegni di molte citta et fortesse di diverse provintie stampate in rame con studio et diligenza in Roma. Rome: Pietro de Nobili, [1592].](https://www.christies.com/img/LotImages/2012/NYR/2012_NYR_02622_0160_000(lafreri_antonio_and_claudio_duchetti_geographia_tavole_moderne_di_geog082401).jpg?w=1)
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[LAFRERI, Antonio (c.1512-1577) and Claudio DUCHETTI (d.1585)]. Geographia tavole moderne di geografia de la maggior parte del mondo di diverse autori raccolte et messe secondo l'ordine di Tolomeo con i disegni di molte citta et fortesse di diverse provintie stampate in rame con studio et diligenza in Roma. Rome: Pietro de Nobili, [1592].
Broadsheets (558 x 411 mm). ENGRAVED TITLE-PAGE AND 72 ENGRAVED MAPS OF THE LAFRERI SCHOOL on 6 double-sheets, 62 full sheets and one half sheet. Contemporary German blind- and gilt-tooled pigskin over pasteboard, front free endpaper watermark: crown with five points under star with "B" and "G" [Woodward 276] (recased, spine and corners repaired); cloth folding case.
Provenance: early manuscript numbering on each sheet from 176 to 251 (no number 189, and number 215 unnumbered) -- Henry Stevens (1819-1886) -- George H. Beans (1894-1978).
AN EXCEPTIONALLY FINE AND HIGHLY IMPORTANT ATLAS OF THE LAFRERI SCHOOL, AND THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE WITH THE LAFRERI-NOBILI TITLE-PAGE
Of the 72 maps, 14 are known only by the surviving examples in this volume, and 18 are known in only two extant copies. The world map is one of only six copies recorded, and seven other maps are known in four copies or fewer.
This atlas is from the late phase of Antonio Lafreri's publications, after Nobili acquired the plates from Lafreri and others. Antonio Lafreri, a Frenchman from Burgundy (born Antoine du Pérac Lefréry of Besançon), settled in Rome in 1540, Italianized his name, and in 1544 set up business as an engraver and printseller in the Via del Perione. From 1553 onwards, Lafreri was associated in business with an established dealer, the elder Salamanca (Antonio). In 1562 Salamanca died, and a year later, the connection between the younger Salamanca (Francesco) and Lafreri was dissolved. From that date until his death in 1577, Lafreri published on his own account, and became the leading dealer in engravings in Rome.
Lafreri was primarily a dealer and publisher, rather than an artisan in his own right. He carried in stock the prints made not only by his own establishment, but by others, and his own name appears comparatively seldom in the atlases attributed to him. Claudio Duchetti, Lafreri's nephew, was part heir and successor to Lafreri's business, and the map of Pozzuoli (BHS.47, dated 1586) is signed by his heirs.
The title-page, with the added signature of Pietro de Nobili as publisher, is of special importance since few of the Lafreri-school atlases were issued with title-pages, and no other copy carries this second and final state of the title, with Nobili's name. This confirms the descent of the Lafreri business through Duchetti to Pietro di Nobili. The figure of the Titan Atlas supporting the world is first used on this title-page, and was later widely imitated (see back cover of dust jacket).
This collection is a true IATO (Italian-Assembled-To-Order) atlas. From the beginning these maps were sold separately, but the idea of assembling collections to the particular desires of a customer and the binding of the whole together in atlas form was developed no later than 1568. No two of these atlases are alike, either in number of maps nor in their content, be they Roman or Venetian. Venetian and Roman dealers borrowed from each other, sometimes using a map without alteration, at other times procuring the copperplate and erasing the original imprint and substituting their own. For this reason, IATO atlases are found with a mixture of Venetian and Roman imprints. The assembly of such collections resulted in the preservation of some maps that would otherwise have perished in their separately issued state.
This collection includes the world map of Gastaldi, as engraved by Forlani and published by Duchetti; 3 maps of America (Iceland, St. Domingo and Cuba); 66 of Europe and the Mediterranean (including 30 of Italy and 5 of Greece), Madagascar and Ceylon. 17 maps show cities that are finely detailed and bird's-eye views with part map and part view. The Roman publishers were partial to the depiction of notable historical events such as battles, sieges and regiments of the Turkish army. The last six maps in this collection are representative in that respect.
LIST OF MAP-MAKERS:
Over thirty Italian map-makers of the 16th century are represented, including: 8 by Lafreri; 23 by his successor Duchetti; 3 each by Paolo Forlani and Giovanni Francesco Camoccio; 6 by Ambrosius Brambilla; and two each by Giovanni Batista de Cavalleri, Michaele Tramezzino and Marcus Clodianus; and 5 with the addition of Pietro de Nobili. All of the maps are uniform in size save the one half-sheet (BHS.34 and 35), with no margins added to match size as is frequently found. Tooley, in his census which appeared in Imago Mundi II, records this collection, designating it "BHS" (for Beans-Henry Stevens), and the numbers below follow Tooley's designation for each of the maps in this atlas. The individual list of maps follows below.
[AELST, Nicolaus van (c.1527-1612)].
BHS.17. Abruzzo, 1587. Tooley 94.
[ALPHANE, Dominico of Perugia].
BHS.10. Geneva, c.1592. Tooley 238.
[ALGARIA, Gasparo (fl.1538-1567)].
BHS.53. Messina, 1567. Tooley 388.
[BEL'ARMATO, Girolamo (1493-1560)].
BHS.14. Tuscany, 1558. Tooley 573.
[BERTELLI, Donato].
BHS.12. Fruile, c.1583. Tooley 226.
BHS.30. Elbe, c.1570. Tooley 196 (without his name).
[BERTELLI, Ferando (fl. 1556-1571)].
BHS.43. Cuba, c.1592. Tooley 91.
BHS.20. Iceland, c.1585. Tooley 309.
BHS.22 Gotland, c.1570. Tooley 267.
[BONIFACIO, Natale (1550-1592)].
BHS.17. Abruzzo, 1587. Tooley 94.
BHS.55. Palermo, 1580. Tooley 431.
BHS.65. Acquapendente, 1582. Tooley 95.
[BOS, Jacob].
BHS.5 Gelderland, 1558. Tooley 232.
[BRAMBILLA, Ambrosius].
BHS.47. Pozzuoli, 1586. Tooley 460.
BHS.49. Rome, 1582. Tooley 494.
BHS.50. Rome, 1590. Tooley 497.
BHS.52. Genoa, 1581. Tooley 243.
BHS.54. Ancona, 1585. Tooley 109.
BHS.58 Parma, c.1585. Tooley 444.
[CAMOCCIO, Giovanni Francesco].
BHS.3. Switzerland, 1566. Not in Tooley.
BHS.6. Dalmatia, 1566. Tooley 191.
BHS.25 Istria, c.1583. Tooley 325.
[CARTARO, Mario (1563-1613)].
BHS.46. Ischia, 1586. Tooley 320.
[CAVALIERI, Giovanni Batista de' (1530-1597)].
BHS.62. Orvieto, 1583. Tooley 425
BHS.70. Bichat, 1592. Tooley 137.
[CLODIANUS, Marcus].
BHS.24. Great Britain, 1589. Tooley 274.
BHS.58. Parma, c.1585. Tooley 444.
[DUCHETTI, Claudio (d.1585].
BHS.1. World, 1570. Tooley 15.
BHS.2. Germany, 1570. Tooley 257.
BHS.11. Italy, 1582. Tooley 338.
BHS.14. Tuscany, 1558. Tooley 573.
BHS.15. Siena, 1592. Tooley 522.
BHS.18. Rome, 1564. Tooley 482.
BHS.19. Naples, c.1590. Tooley 405.
BHS.23. Ireland, c.1570. Tooley 319.
BHS.27. Majorca, 1570. Tooley 357.
BHS.28. Minorca, 1570. Tooley 393.
BHS.36. Venice, c.1592. Tooley 585.
BHS.38. Morea, 1570. Tooley 400.
BHS.39. Cyprus, 1570. Tooley 186.
BHS.40. Crete, 1570. Tooley 178.
BHS.41. Rhodes, 1570. Tooley 465.
BHS.49. Rome, 1582. Tooley 494.
BHS.50. Rome, 1590. Tooley 497.
BHS.51. Naples, 1585. Tooley 412.
BHS.52. Genoa, 1581. Tooley 243.
BHS.54. Ancona, 1581. Tooley 109.
BHS.55. Palermo, 1580. Tooley 431.
BHS.57. Florence, c.1592. Tooley 206.
BHS.59. Bologna, 1582. Tooley 139.
Published by heirs:
BHS.47. Pozzuoli, 1586. Tooley 460.
[FORLANI, Paolo].
BHS.1. World, 1570. Tooley 15.
BHS.3. Switzerland, 1566. Not in Tooley.
BHS.42. San Domingo, 1564. Tooley 85.
[FRANCO, Giacomo].
BHS.36. Venice, c.1592. Tooley 385.
G.A. [monogram not identified]
BHS.48. Pozzuoli, 1538. Tooley 458.
[GASTALDI, Jacopo (c.1500-1566)].
BHS.1. World, 1570. Tooley 15.
BHS.2. Germany, 1570. Tooley 257.
BHS.11. Italy, 1582. Tooley 338.
BHS.13. Lombardy, 1570. Tooley 354.
[GATTI, Aliteni].
BHS.63. Geneva, c.1592. Tooley 239.
[GRATIANO, Paolo].
BHS.65. Acquapendente, 1582. Tooley 95.
[GUARIONI, Luca].
BHS.60. Augsburg, c.1592. Tooley 119.
[LAFRERI, Antonio (1512-1577)].
BHS.13. Lombardy, 1570. Tooley 354.
BHS.33. Malta, 1566. Tooley 361.
BHS.53. Messina, 1567. Tooley 388.
BHS.56. Milan, 1573. Tooley 390.
BHS.64. Rochelle, c.1592. Tooley 469.
BHS.66. Valetta, c.1585. Tooley 363.
BHS.67. Malta, 1565. Tooley 374.
BHS.68. Malta, 1565. Tooley 384.
BHS.69. Sziget, 1566. Tooley 544.
[LICINIO, Fabio (1521-1565)].
BHS.29. Corsica, c.1592. Tooley 169.
[LIGORIO, Pirro (1496-1583)].
BHS.9. France, 1558. Tooley 208.
[LUCCHINO, Vincenzo (1554-1568)].
BHS.8. Spain, 1559. Tooley 530.
BHS.16. Ancona, 1564. Tooley 102.
BHS.32. Sicily, 1558. Tooley 516.
M.R. [monogram not identified].
BHS.60. Augsburg, c.1592. Tooley 119.
[MAIOCCHUS, Horatius].
BHS.55. Palermo, 1580. Tooley 431.
MUGNONE [not identified]
BHS.57. Florence, c.1592. Tooley 206.
[NELLI, Nicolò (born c. 1530, fl. 1564-1570)].
BHS.7. Russia, 1570. Tooley 501.
[NOBILI, Pietro de (fl. 1560-1579)].
BHS.42. St. Domingo, 1564. Tooley 85.
BHS.43. Cuba, c.1592. Tooley 91.
BHS.48. Pozzuoli, c.1585. Tooley 458.
BHS.65. Acquapendente, 1582. Tooley 95.
BHS.66. Malta, c.1585. Tooley 363.
P.A. [monogram not identified].
BHS.72. Mirandola, c.1592.
[RE, Sebastino di (fl. 1556-1561)].
BHS.9. France, 1558. Tooley 208.
[TILMAN, Giorgio].
BHS.13. Lombardy, 1570. Tooley 354.
[TREMEZZINO, Michaele (1548-1561)].
BHS.5. Gelderland, 1558. Tooley 232.
BHS.9. France, 1558. Tooley 208.
[ZALTIERI, Bolognino (1560-1580)].
BHS.4. Bohemia, c.1592. Tooley 138.
[ZENOI, Domenico (1552-1580)].
BHS.34. Malta, c.1592. Tooley 372.
ANONYMOUS
BHS.20. Iceland, c.1585. Tooley 309.
BHS.21. Zealand, c.1570. Tooley 602.
BHS.26. Estland, c.1592. Tooley 197.
BHS.31. Sardinia, c.1592. Tooley 512.
BHS.35. Valetta, c.1592. Tooley 386.
BHS.37. Corfu, c.1592. Tooley 163.
BHS.44. San Lorenzo, c.1592. Tooley 503.
BHS.45. Toprobana, c.1592. Tooley 547.
BHS.61. Orvieto, 1569. Tooley 424.
BHS.71. Civitella, c.1592. Tooley 154.
CONTENTS:
Numbers in parentheses refer to the manuscript numbers on each sheet, upper right, referenced in David Woodward's Catalogue of Watermarks in Italian Printed Maps ca 1540-1600.
ENGRAVED TITLE (176): 386 x 263 mm. Watermark: 6-pointed star in circle. State II of Lafreri's title-page, bearing the imprint "Petri de Nobilibus Formis." The title-page is commonly associated with the name of Lafreri, though few of his atlases were issued with a title. In its first state, it is anonymous, but the fact that it bears a Rome imprint, though without specifying a publisher, and that Lafreri of Rome printed a list of the maps on sale at his establishment which more or less agrees with the contents of these collections, led to the association of such collections with the name of Lafreri. The title is surrounded by heroic figures with navigational instruments. For the first time, the figure of Atlas, with the terrestrial globe on his shoulders, is used to represent the contents of the volume. It was this figure, later used repeatedly by map publishers, and Mercator's actual use of the word Atlas that lead to this word becoming the universal title for a collection of maps. Lafreri's business was succeeded by his nephew, Claudio Duchetti, and the addition of Pietro de Nobili's name on the second state title implies that Nobili took over publication from the heirs of Duchetti. THIS IS THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE OF A LAFRERI ATLAS WITH THE LAFRERI-NOBILI TITLE-PAGE.
1. WORLD (176-177). Double-sheet engraved map after Giacomo GASTALDI by Paolo FORLANI (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1570 in the plate. 411 x 737 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: eagle in circle under crown D and E [Woodward 57 and 58]. THE "ZENITH OF MAP ENGRAVING" (David Woodward). Forlani issued four world maps between 1560 and 1570, the last 3 of which have identical titles (although each is a different size and different set of plates). This issue, along with the others, is a re-interpretation of Gastaldi, with the addition of a large and extensive southern continent labeled "Terra Incognita". By 1565, Forlani's maps of northern North America included the label "Nueva Franza" in recognition of the growing French role in exploring the still little-known continent. Despite Gastaldi pioneering the idea of separate Asian and American continents with the addition of the Strait of Anian in 1562, Forlani disregards this advance: North America is still shown joined to Asia, while many of the eastern coastal features compare well with modern maps. Forlani was skilled in accurately demarcating the geographic knowledge of the day. Florida and Cuba, for example, are quite accurately positioned. Unlike Forlani 3, which is embellished with two cherubs in the top corners blowing the winds, this map includes an extensive set of notes in each corner. In the lower corners are a key identifying places and a table of the moon. Shirley 121; Tooley 15; Woodward Forlani 35.04.
2. GERMANY (178). Full-sheet engraved map after Giacomo GASTALDI by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 372 x 548 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle [Woodward 54]. Unusually elaborate decoration including a large headline title in the banner cartouche and eight coats-of-arms and an important delineation of greater Germany. Tooley 257.
3. SWITZERLAND (179-180). Double-sheet engraved map by Paolo FORLANI. Dated 1566 in the plate. 429 x 599 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: anchor in circle A and B [Woodward 179 and 180]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this issue of the first map of Switzerland, later adapted by Ortelius in his Theatrum. Not in Tooley.
4. BOHEMIA (181-182). Double-sheet engraved map by Bolognino ZALTIERI. Undated. 473 x 640 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Laid paper, unwatermarked. THE FIRST SEPARATELY PRINTED MAP OF BOHEMIA (Kucher, Early Printed Maps of Bohemia, p.15). Tooley 138.
5. GELDERLAND (183). Full-sheet engraved map by Jacob BOS (engraver) and Michaele TREMEZZINO (publisher). Dated 1558 in the plate. (Small loss repaired in upper left margin.) Watermark: kneeling man and cross [Woodward 24]. A reduction of Deventer's large 9-sheet map of Gelderland, published in 1556. Tooley 232.
6. DALMATIA (184). Full-sheet engraved map. Dated 1566 in the plate. 287 x 407 mm. Watermark: anchor in circle A [Woodward 179]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this variant of Comotio's new map of Dalmatia of 1563. Tooley 191.
7. EASTERN EUROPE (185-186) ["Sarmatiae Europeae" (Pomerania to Muscovy)]. Double-sheet engraved map after Andreas POGRABIUS by Niccolò NELLI (publisher). Dated 1570 in the plate. 472 x 668 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: letters "ScC" in shield A and B [Woodward 334 and 335]. A superb example of the second recorded copy of this important map. Tooley 501.
8. SPAIN (187-188). Double-sheet engraved map by Vincenzo LUCHINI (publisher). Dated 1559 in the plate. 451 x 587 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: eagle in circle A and G [Woodward 54 and 60]. ONE OF SIX RECORDED COPIES OF LUCHINI'S NEW MAP OF SPAIN with modifications and improvements over the Gastaldi prototype. Tooley 530.
9. FRANCE (190). Full-sheet engraved map after Pirro LIGORIO by Sebastiano da RE (engraver) and Michaele TRAMEZZINO (publisher). Dated 1558 in the plate. 389 x 516 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown D [Woodward 57]. Primitive pictorial representation of the Alps and Pyrenees. A reduction of Oronce Finé's four-sheet woodcut of 1538. Tooley 208.
10. LAKE GENEVA (191). Full-sheet engraved map after Domenico ALFANI by Jacobus FINANCIARI. Undated. 365 x 490 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn D [Woodward 227]. THE ONLY KNOWN COPY of a magnificent delineation of Lake Geneva with detailed miniature views of Geneva and other lakeside cities. Tooley 238.
11. ITALY (192). Full-sheet engraved map after Giacomo GASTALDI by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1582 in the plate. 392 x 500 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this updating of Gastaldi's map of Italy. Tooley 338.
12. FRIULI (193). Full-sheet engraved map by Donato BERTELLI. Undated. 340 x 466 mm. Watermark: anchor in circle B [Woodward 180]. Includes a fine cartouche of the Venetian winged lion surmounting the globe and a miniature view of Venice at west of the map. Tooley 226.
13. LOMBARDY (194-195). Double-sheet engraved map by Giorgio TILMAN (engraver) and Antonio LAFRERI (publisher). Dated 1570 in the plate. 505 x 749 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A and D [Woodward 54 and 57]. A magnificent map of the entire Po Valley from the Alps to the Gulf of Venice. Tooley 354.
14. TUSCANY (196). Full-sheet engraved map after Girolamo BELL'ARMATO by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1558 in the plate. 402 x 537 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star shield D [Woodward 316]. Showing Genoa to Rome, oriented on Siena, displaying many sailing galleys in the Tuscan Sea. Tooley 573.
15. SIENA (197). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 423 x 291 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star shield H [Woodward 320]. This early thematic map gives distances between all of the towns and the province shown on the map. Tooley 522.
16. ANCONA (198). Full-sheet engraved map by Vincenzo LUCHINI. Dated 1564 in the plate. 494 x 392 mm. Watermark: eagle and crown in circle A [Woodward 54]. The stylized engraving of the mountains and the sea, the ships, the banner cartouche, and the elaborate arms give this map an unusual appearance. Tooley 102.
17. ABRUZZI (199). Full-sheet engraved map by Natale BONIFACIO (cartographer/engraver) and Nicoló VAN AELST (publisher). Dated 1587 in the plate. 359 x 501 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. A very unusual province map employing uncommon techniques for relief and perspective. Tooley 94.
18. LAZIO (200). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1564 in the plate. 326 x 476 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown G [Woodward 60]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES, showing the region around Rome where the map was produced. Tooley 482.
19. NAPLES (201), region [Campania, Puglia, Basilicata and Calabria]. Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 321 x 467 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown G [Woodward 60]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY OF THIS MAP, displaying the entire Southern half of Italy. East is oriented at the top. Tooley 405.
20. ICELAND (202). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 259 x 191 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star shield A [Woodward 314]. THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF ICELAND, giving great detail of landmarks such as Mt. Heckla and Scalholt, but with the orientation somewhat confused. Tooley 309.
21. GOTLAND (203). Half-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 248 x 185 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Showing detail of cottages and fields. Tooley 267.
22. SJAELLAND, DENMARK (203). Half-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 283 x 197 mm. On the same sheet as the preceding. Tooley 602.
23. IRELAND (204). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 341 x 256 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. THE ONLY KNOWN COPY of this map of Ireland that shows considerable topographical detail. Tooley 319.
24. BRITISH ISLES (205). Full-sheet engraved by Marcus CLODENSIS. Undated. 387 x 523 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star B [Woodward 18]. ONE OF THREE RECORDED COPIES of this re-issue of Lily's famous first printed map of the British Isles. Tooley 274.
25. ISTRIA (206). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 310 x 423 mm. Watermark: anchor in circle B [Woodward 180]. Showing excellent detail of the mountainous coast east of Trieste. Tooley 325.
26. SHETLAND ISLANDS (207) ["Estland"]. Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 240 x 186 mm. Watermark: crown with five points in circle over "AF" A [Woodward 278]. (Hole within image repaired.) An irregularly shaped plate of the Shetland Islands. Tooley 197.
27. MAJORCA (208). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 263 x 203 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Oriented with the east to the top, showing the island's cities. Tooley 357.
28. MINORCA (209). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 262 x 201 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star E [Woodward 21]. The same scale and style as the map of Majorca. Tooley 393.
29. CORSICA (210). Full-sheet engraved map by Fabio LICINIO. Undated. 298 x 202 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield H [Woodward 320]. Showing great detail of villages and cultivated areas. Tooley 169.
30. ELBA (211). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 267 x 201 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star E [Woodward 21]. Showing great topographical detail and city fortifications. Tooley 196.
31. SARDINIA (212). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 301 x 205 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star E [Woodward 21]. Tooley 512.
32. SICILY (213). Full-sheet engraved map by Vincenzo LUCHINI. Undated. 348 x 459 mm. Watermark: pilgrim, crook over shoulder, in circle A [Woodward 10]. Based on Gastaldi's map of 1545. Tooley 516.
33. VALLETTA (214) [Malta]. Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Undated. 283 x 413 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn A [Woodward 224]. Plan of Valletta with detail of its fortifications and environs. Tooley 361.
34. VALLETTA (215, unnumbered) [Malta]. Quarter-sheet engraved map by Domenico ZENOI. Undated. 196 x 146 mm. No watermark visible. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this view showing the Turkish siege. Tooley 372.
35. VALLETTA (215, unnumbered) [Malta]. Quarter-sheet engraved map by Domenico ZENOI. Undated. 179 x 135 mm. On the same half-sheet as the preceding. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this plan of the fortifications. Tooley 386.
36. VENICE (216). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 375 x 541 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this grand view of Venice with 205 references to places in the city. Tooley 385.
37. CORFU (217). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 342 x 248 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Features the fortified town and monastery. Tooley 163.
38. PELOPONNESUS, GREECE (218). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 328 x 248 mm. Watermark: lozenge containing six-pointed star in circle H [Woodward 296]. Showing Athens to the south end of the Peninsula. Tooley 400.
39. CYPRUS (219). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 286 x 219 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20] . ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this fine, detailed map of the island, indicating the towns pictorially. Tooley 186.
40. CRETE (220). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 281 x 218 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Depicts the labyrinth and many historic caves as well as modern cities. Tooley 178.
41. RHODES (221). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 290 x 210 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Inserted upside down. ONE OF THREE RECORDED COPIES of this maritime chart of the island of Rhodes, surrounded by interlaces rhumb lines emanating from nautical compasses. Tooley 465.
42. HISPANIOLA (222). Half-sheet engraved map by Paolo FORLANI and Pietro de NOBILI. Undated. 185 x 256 mm. Watermark: clasped hands in circle [Woodward 1]. Unique variant published by Nobili. Tooley 85.
43. CUBA (222). Half-sheet engraved map by Paolo FORLANI and Pietro de NOBILI. Undated. 176 x 249 mm. Printed at bottom of the same full-sheet as the preceding. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES WITH THE NOBILI IMPRINT. Tooley 91.
44. MADAGASCAR (223) ["S. Lorenzo"]. Full-sheet map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 260 x 194 mm. Watermark: crown with 5 points in circle under "AF" A [Woodward 278].THE FIRST SEPARATE MAP OF THE FAMOUS ISLAND THEN KNOWN AS SAN LORENZO. Tooley 503.
45. SRI LANKA [CEYLON] (224) ["Taprobana"]. Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 265 x 204 mm. Watermark: crown with 5 points in circle under "AF" A [Woodward 278]. Cartouche before the letters. Tooley 547.
46. ISCHIA (225). Full-sheet engraved map by Mario CARTARO. Dated 1586 in the plate. 368 x 524 mm. Watermark: initial M in circle [not referenced in Woodward] . Possibly the only map of this island near the Bay of Naples published in the 16th century. Tooley 520.
47. PUZZUOLI [CAMPAGNIA] (226). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambrogio BRAMBILLA and Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1586 in the plate. 389 x 508 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. ONE OF FOUR KNOWN COPIES. Tooley 460.
48. PUZZUOLI [CAMPAGNIA] (227). Full-sheet engraved map by A.G. and Pietro de' NOBILI. Undated. 298 x 431 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield [Woodward 322]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. A news map, depicting a new volcano that erupted off shore in 1538. Includes a view of nearby Naples. Tooley 458.
49. ROME, ancient (228). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1582 in the plate. 382 x 492 mm. Watermark: star with unicord D [Woodward 227]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. A plan of the ancient city, locating the hills and major monuments. Tooley 494.
50. ROME, modern (229). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1590 in the plate. 400 x 543 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown E [Woodward 58]. (Slightly shaved at bottom, two pale stains.) ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. A plan of the modern city, with 117 numbered references in the legend. Tooley 497.
51. NAPLES (230). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1585 in the plate. 383 X 510 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. Plan of the port with 77 numbered references. Tooley 412.
52. GENOA (231). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1581 in the plate. 405 x 547 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY. A detailed plan, containing 58 references in the legend. Tooley 243.
53. MESSINA (232). Full-sheet engraved map by Gasparo ARGARIA and Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1567 in the plate. 405 x 558 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. (Slightly shaved at lower left.) A very fine bird's-eye view. The new naval arsenal on the mole is dated 1565. The legend includes 167 references. Tooley 388.
54. ANCONA (233). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1585 in the plate. 330 x 500 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn A [Woodward 224]. THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE. The legend includes 87 references. Tooley 109.
55. PALERMO (234). Full-sheet engraved map after Horatius MAIOCCHUS by Natale BONIFACIO (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1580 in the plate. 405 x 558 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this detailed plan depicting major buildings and surrounding fields. Tooley 431.
56. MILAN (235). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1573 in the plate. 405 x 557 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star with shield C [Woodward 315]. (Shaved at bottom.) A very fine impression. Depicts each building of the fortified city by its wall and moat. Tooley 390.
57. FLORENCE (236). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 308 x 430 mm. Watermark: eagle in crown with circle E [Woodward 58]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this bird's-eye view of Florence. Tooley 206.
58. PARMA (237). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambrogio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Marcello CLODIO (publisher). Undated. 325 x 449 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield D [Woodward 327]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY. A very fine impression of this large-scale town plan of Parma. Tooley 444.
59. BOLOGNA (238). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1582 in the plate. 380 x 465 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn D [Woodward 227]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this large-scale, detailed town plan with 179 places referenced in the legend. Tooley 139.
60. AUGSBURG (239). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 362 x 495 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle B [Woodward 11]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this view of the imperial city, with each building depicted and the whole town enclosed by its fortified walls. Tooley 119.
61. ORVIETO (240). Full-sheet engraved map, without attribution. 262 x 511 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle C [Woodward 12]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this horizon view, with fifteen buildings named. Many of the medieval towers are visible. Tooley 424.
62. ORVIETO (241). Full-page engraved map after Ipolito da Orvieto SCALZA by Giovanni Battista CAVALLERI. Dated 1583 in the plate. 400 x 532 mm. Laid paper, watermark faint. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this bird's-eye view. The legend references 27 place names. Tooley 425.
63. GENEVA (242). Full-sheet engraved map after Jacobus FORNASERIUS by Alitenio GATTI. Undated. 291 x 406 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown K [Woodward 64]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this bird's-eye view. Tooley 239.
64. LA ROCHELLE (243). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Undated. 300 x 473 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle C [Woodward 12]. State II, with Lafreri's name erased from the plate. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES OF THIS ISSUE of Lafreri's plan of the French port city, made famous by the siege of 1571. Tooley 469.
65. ACQUAPENDENTE (244). Full-sheet engraved map after Raffaello GUICCIARDI by Natale BONIFACIO (engraver), Paolo GRATIANI (publisher) and Pietro de NOBILI (publisher). Undated. 391 x 275 mm. Watermark: goose in circle B [Woodward 78]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this bird's-eye view from the perspective of Porta della Ripa, showing the fortified hill town. Tooley 95.
66. VALLETTA (245) [Malta, new fortress]. Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI and Pietro de NOBILI. Undated. 537 x 388 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield J [Woodward 322]. ONLY RECORDED COPY of this large-scale view of the fortification for the new town of Valletta. Later state, with imprint of NOBILI added. Tooley 363.
67. MALTA (246). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1565 in the plate. 373 x 497 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn A [Woodward 224]. Shows the Turkish and Christian fleets offshore and the armies afield during the battle between the Christians and Turks. Tooley 374.
68. VALLETTA [MALTA] (247). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1565 in the plate. 355 x 507 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 266]. A remarkably detailed large-scale bird's-eye view of the fortifications of the harbor at Valletta during the battle. Tooley 284.
69. ZIGHET, HUNGARY (248). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1566 in the plate. 347 x 502 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. Battle plan depicting the overwhelming hordes of the Turkish army assaulting the Christian garrison. Tooley 544.
70. BICHAT, YUGOSLAVIA (249). Full-sheet engraved map by Giovanni Battista CAVALLERI. Dated 1592 in the plate. 306 x 453 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn D [Woodward 227]. ONLY RECORDED COPY of this battle plan, showing the Turks invading the walled city. The date of this map provides the terminal date for this atlas, and the Lafreri School of cartography. Tooley 137.
71. CIVITELLA (250). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 300 x 383 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle E [Woodward 14]. Tooley 154.
72. MIRANDOLA (251). Full-sheet engraved map, unattributed. Undated. 275 x 399 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle F [Woodward 15]. A view of Mirandola from the east, showing another battle plan depicting the siege of this fortified town near Modena. Without the imprint of A[ntonio] S[alamanca] as stated by Tooley. Tooley 394.
Broadsheets (558 x 411 mm). ENGRAVED TITLE-PAGE AND 72 ENGRAVED MAPS OF THE LAFRERI SCHOOL on 6 double-sheets, 62 full sheets and one half sheet. Contemporary German blind- and gilt-tooled pigskin over pasteboard, front free endpaper watermark: crown with five points under star with "B" and "G" [Woodward 276] (recased, spine and corners repaired); cloth folding case.
Provenance: early manuscript numbering on each sheet from 176 to 251 (no number 189, and number 215 unnumbered) -- Henry Stevens (1819-1886) -- George H. Beans (1894-1978).
AN EXCEPTIONALLY FINE AND HIGHLY IMPORTANT ATLAS OF THE LAFRERI SCHOOL, AND THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE WITH THE LAFRERI-NOBILI TITLE-PAGE
Of the 72 maps, 14 are known only by the surviving examples in this volume, and 18 are known in only two extant copies. The world map is one of only six copies recorded, and seven other maps are known in four copies or fewer.
This atlas is from the late phase of Antonio Lafreri's publications, after Nobili acquired the plates from Lafreri and others. Antonio Lafreri, a Frenchman from Burgundy (born Antoine du Pérac Lefréry of Besançon), settled in Rome in 1540, Italianized his name, and in 1544 set up business as an engraver and printseller in the Via del Perione. From 1553 onwards, Lafreri was associated in business with an established dealer, the elder Salamanca (Antonio). In 1562 Salamanca died, and a year later, the connection between the younger Salamanca (Francesco) and Lafreri was dissolved. From that date until his death in 1577, Lafreri published on his own account, and became the leading dealer in engravings in Rome.
Lafreri was primarily a dealer and publisher, rather than an artisan in his own right. He carried in stock the prints made not only by his own establishment, but by others, and his own name appears comparatively seldom in the atlases attributed to him. Claudio Duchetti, Lafreri's nephew, was part heir and successor to Lafreri's business, and the map of Pozzuoli (BHS.47, dated 1586) is signed by his heirs.
The title-page, with the added signature of Pietro de Nobili as publisher, is of special importance since few of the Lafreri-school atlases were issued with title-pages, and no other copy carries this second and final state of the title, with Nobili's name. This confirms the descent of the Lafreri business through Duchetti to Pietro di Nobili. The figure of the Titan Atlas supporting the world is first used on this title-page, and was later widely imitated (see back cover of dust jacket).
This collection is a true IATO (Italian-Assembled-To-Order) atlas. From the beginning these maps were sold separately, but the idea of assembling collections to the particular desires of a customer and the binding of the whole together in atlas form was developed no later than 1568. No two of these atlases are alike, either in number of maps nor in their content, be they Roman or Venetian. Venetian and Roman dealers borrowed from each other, sometimes using a map without alteration, at other times procuring the copperplate and erasing the original imprint and substituting their own. For this reason, IATO atlases are found with a mixture of Venetian and Roman imprints. The assembly of such collections resulted in the preservation of some maps that would otherwise have perished in their separately issued state.
This collection includes the world map of Gastaldi, as engraved by Forlani and published by Duchetti; 3 maps of America (Iceland, St. Domingo and Cuba); 66 of Europe and the Mediterranean (including 30 of Italy and 5 of Greece), Madagascar and Ceylon. 17 maps show cities that are finely detailed and bird's-eye views with part map and part view. The Roman publishers were partial to the depiction of notable historical events such as battles, sieges and regiments of the Turkish army. The last six maps in this collection are representative in that respect.
LIST OF MAP-MAKERS:
Over thirty Italian map-makers of the 16th century are represented, including: 8 by Lafreri; 23 by his successor Duchetti; 3 each by Paolo Forlani and Giovanni Francesco Camoccio; 6 by Ambrosius Brambilla; and two each by Giovanni Batista de Cavalleri, Michaele Tramezzino and Marcus Clodianus; and 5 with the addition of Pietro de Nobili. All of the maps are uniform in size save the one half-sheet (BHS.34 and 35), with no margins added to match size as is frequently found. Tooley, in his census which appeared in Imago Mundi II, records this collection, designating it "BHS" (for Beans-Henry Stevens), and the numbers below follow Tooley's designation for each of the maps in this atlas. The individual list of maps follows below.
[AELST, Nicolaus van (c.1527-1612)].
BHS.17. Abruzzo, 1587. Tooley 94.
[ALPHANE, Dominico of Perugia].
BHS.10. Geneva, c.1592. Tooley 238.
[ALGARIA, Gasparo (fl.1538-1567)].
BHS.53. Messina, 1567. Tooley 388.
[BEL'ARMATO, Girolamo (1493-1560)].
BHS.14. Tuscany, 1558. Tooley 573.
[BERTELLI, Donato].
BHS.12. Fruile, c.1583. Tooley 226.
BHS.30. Elbe, c.1570. Tooley 196 (without his name).
[BERTELLI, Ferando (fl. 1556-1571)].
BHS.43. Cuba, c.1592. Tooley 91.
BHS.20. Iceland, c.1585. Tooley 309.
BHS.22 Gotland, c.1570. Tooley 267.
[BONIFACIO, Natale (1550-1592)].
BHS.17. Abruzzo, 1587. Tooley 94.
BHS.55. Palermo, 1580. Tooley 431.
BHS.65. Acquapendente, 1582. Tooley 95.
[BOS, Jacob].
BHS.5 Gelderland, 1558. Tooley 232.
[BRAMBILLA, Ambrosius].
BHS.47. Pozzuoli, 1586. Tooley 460.
BHS.49. Rome, 1582. Tooley 494.
BHS.50. Rome, 1590. Tooley 497.
BHS.52. Genoa, 1581. Tooley 243.
BHS.54. Ancona, 1585. Tooley 109.
BHS.58 Parma, c.1585. Tooley 444.
[CAMOCCIO, Giovanni Francesco].
BHS.3. Switzerland, 1566. Not in Tooley.
BHS.6. Dalmatia, 1566. Tooley 191.
BHS.25 Istria, c.1583. Tooley 325.
[CARTARO, Mario (1563-1613)].
BHS.46. Ischia, 1586. Tooley 320.
[CAVALIERI, Giovanni Batista de' (1530-1597)].
BHS.62. Orvieto, 1583. Tooley 425
BHS.70. Bichat, 1592. Tooley 137.
[CLODIANUS, Marcus].
BHS.24. Great Britain, 1589. Tooley 274.
BHS.58. Parma, c.1585. Tooley 444.
[DUCHETTI, Claudio (d.1585].
BHS.1. World, 1570. Tooley 15.
BHS.2. Germany, 1570. Tooley 257.
BHS.11. Italy, 1582. Tooley 338.
BHS.14. Tuscany, 1558. Tooley 573.
BHS.15. Siena, 1592. Tooley 522.
BHS.18. Rome, 1564. Tooley 482.
BHS.19. Naples, c.1590. Tooley 405.
BHS.23. Ireland, c.1570. Tooley 319.
BHS.27. Majorca, 1570. Tooley 357.
BHS.28. Minorca, 1570. Tooley 393.
BHS.36. Venice, c.1592. Tooley 585.
BHS.38. Morea, 1570. Tooley 400.
BHS.39. Cyprus, 1570. Tooley 186.
BHS.40. Crete, 1570. Tooley 178.
BHS.41. Rhodes, 1570. Tooley 465.
BHS.49. Rome, 1582. Tooley 494.
BHS.50. Rome, 1590. Tooley 497.
BHS.51. Naples, 1585. Tooley 412.
BHS.52. Genoa, 1581. Tooley 243.
BHS.54. Ancona, 1581. Tooley 109.
BHS.55. Palermo, 1580. Tooley 431.
BHS.57. Florence, c.1592. Tooley 206.
BHS.59. Bologna, 1582. Tooley 139.
Published by heirs:
BHS.47. Pozzuoli, 1586. Tooley 460.
[FORLANI, Paolo].
BHS.1. World, 1570. Tooley 15.
BHS.3. Switzerland, 1566. Not in Tooley.
BHS.42. San Domingo, 1564. Tooley 85.
[FRANCO, Giacomo].
BHS.36. Venice, c.1592. Tooley 385.
G.A. [monogram not identified]
BHS.48. Pozzuoli, 1538. Tooley 458.
[GASTALDI, Jacopo (c.1500-1566)].
BHS.1. World, 1570. Tooley 15.
BHS.2. Germany, 1570. Tooley 257.
BHS.11. Italy, 1582. Tooley 338.
BHS.13. Lombardy, 1570. Tooley 354.
[GATTI, Aliteni].
BHS.63. Geneva, c.1592. Tooley 239.
[GRATIANO, Paolo].
BHS.65. Acquapendente, 1582. Tooley 95.
[GUARIONI, Luca].
BHS.60. Augsburg, c.1592. Tooley 119.
[LAFRERI, Antonio (1512-1577)].
BHS.13. Lombardy, 1570. Tooley 354.
BHS.33. Malta, 1566. Tooley 361.
BHS.53. Messina, 1567. Tooley 388.
BHS.56. Milan, 1573. Tooley 390.
BHS.64. Rochelle, c.1592. Tooley 469.
BHS.66. Valetta, c.1585. Tooley 363.
BHS.67. Malta, 1565. Tooley 374.
BHS.68. Malta, 1565. Tooley 384.
BHS.69. Sziget, 1566. Tooley 544.
[LICINIO, Fabio (1521-1565)].
BHS.29. Corsica, c.1592. Tooley 169.
[LIGORIO, Pirro (1496-1583)].
BHS.9. France, 1558. Tooley 208.
[LUCCHINO, Vincenzo (1554-1568)].
BHS.8. Spain, 1559. Tooley 530.
BHS.16. Ancona, 1564. Tooley 102.
BHS.32. Sicily, 1558. Tooley 516.
M.R. [monogram not identified].
BHS.60. Augsburg, c.1592. Tooley 119.
[MAIOCCHUS, Horatius].
BHS.55. Palermo, 1580. Tooley 431.
MUGNONE [not identified]
BHS.57. Florence, c.1592. Tooley 206.
[NELLI, Nicolò (born c. 1530, fl. 1564-1570)].
BHS.7. Russia, 1570. Tooley 501.
[NOBILI, Pietro de (fl. 1560-1579)].
BHS.42. St. Domingo, 1564. Tooley 85.
BHS.43. Cuba, c.1592. Tooley 91.
BHS.48. Pozzuoli, c.1585. Tooley 458.
BHS.65. Acquapendente, 1582. Tooley 95.
BHS.66. Malta, c.1585. Tooley 363.
P.A. [monogram not identified].
BHS.72. Mirandola, c.1592.
[RE, Sebastino di (fl. 1556-1561)].
BHS.9. France, 1558. Tooley 208.
[TILMAN, Giorgio].
BHS.13. Lombardy, 1570. Tooley 354.
[TREMEZZINO, Michaele (1548-1561)].
BHS.5. Gelderland, 1558. Tooley 232.
BHS.9. France, 1558. Tooley 208.
[ZALTIERI, Bolognino (1560-1580)].
BHS.4. Bohemia, c.1592. Tooley 138.
[ZENOI, Domenico (1552-1580)].
BHS.34. Malta, c.1592. Tooley 372.
ANONYMOUS
BHS.20. Iceland, c.1585. Tooley 309.
BHS.21. Zealand, c.1570. Tooley 602.
BHS.26. Estland, c.1592. Tooley 197.
BHS.31. Sardinia, c.1592. Tooley 512.
BHS.35. Valetta, c.1592. Tooley 386.
BHS.37. Corfu, c.1592. Tooley 163.
BHS.44. San Lorenzo, c.1592. Tooley 503.
BHS.45. Toprobana, c.1592. Tooley 547.
BHS.61. Orvieto, 1569. Tooley 424.
BHS.71. Civitella, c.1592. Tooley 154.
CONTENTS:
Numbers in parentheses refer to the manuscript numbers on each sheet, upper right, referenced in David Woodward's Catalogue of Watermarks in Italian Printed Maps ca 1540-1600.
ENGRAVED TITLE (176): 386 x 263 mm. Watermark: 6-pointed star in circle. State II of Lafreri's title-page, bearing the imprint "Petri de Nobilibus Formis." The title-page is commonly associated with the name of Lafreri, though few of his atlases were issued with a title. In its first state, it is anonymous, but the fact that it bears a Rome imprint, though without specifying a publisher, and that Lafreri of Rome printed a list of the maps on sale at his establishment which more or less agrees with the contents of these collections, led to the association of such collections with the name of Lafreri. The title is surrounded by heroic figures with navigational instruments. For the first time, the figure of Atlas, with the terrestrial globe on his shoulders, is used to represent the contents of the volume. It was this figure, later used repeatedly by map publishers, and Mercator's actual use of the word Atlas that lead to this word becoming the universal title for a collection of maps. Lafreri's business was succeeded by his nephew, Claudio Duchetti, and the addition of Pietro de Nobili's name on the second state title implies that Nobili took over publication from the heirs of Duchetti. THIS IS THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE OF A LAFRERI ATLAS WITH THE LAFRERI-NOBILI TITLE-PAGE.
1. WORLD (176-177). Double-sheet engraved map after Giacomo GASTALDI by Paolo FORLANI (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1570 in the plate. 411 x 737 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: eagle in circle under crown D and E [Woodward 57 and 58]. THE "ZENITH OF MAP ENGRAVING" (David Woodward). Forlani issued four world maps between 1560 and 1570, the last 3 of which have identical titles (although each is a different size and different set of plates). This issue, along with the others, is a re-interpretation of Gastaldi, with the addition of a large and extensive southern continent labeled "Terra Incognita". By 1565, Forlani's maps of northern North America included the label "Nueva Franza" in recognition of the growing French role in exploring the still little-known continent. Despite Gastaldi pioneering the idea of separate Asian and American continents with the addition of the Strait of Anian in 1562, Forlani disregards this advance: North America is still shown joined to Asia, while many of the eastern coastal features compare well with modern maps. Forlani was skilled in accurately demarcating the geographic knowledge of the day. Florida and Cuba, for example, are quite accurately positioned. Unlike Forlani 3, which is embellished with two cherubs in the top corners blowing the winds, this map includes an extensive set of notes in each corner. In the lower corners are a key identifying places and a table of the moon. Shirley 121; Tooley 15; Woodward Forlani 35.04.
2. GERMANY (178). Full-sheet engraved map after Giacomo GASTALDI by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 372 x 548 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle [Woodward 54]. Unusually elaborate decoration including a large headline title in the banner cartouche and eight coats-of-arms and an important delineation of greater Germany. Tooley 257.
3. SWITZERLAND (179-180). Double-sheet engraved map by Paolo FORLANI. Dated 1566 in the plate. 429 x 599 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: anchor in circle A and B [Woodward 179 and 180]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this issue of the first map of Switzerland, later adapted by Ortelius in his Theatrum. Not in Tooley.
4. BOHEMIA (181-182). Double-sheet engraved map by Bolognino ZALTIERI. Undated. 473 x 640 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Laid paper, unwatermarked. THE FIRST SEPARATELY PRINTED MAP OF BOHEMIA (Kucher, Early Printed Maps of Bohemia, p.15). Tooley 138.
5. GELDERLAND (183). Full-sheet engraved map by Jacob BOS (engraver) and Michaele TREMEZZINO (publisher). Dated 1558 in the plate. (Small loss repaired in upper left margin.) Watermark: kneeling man and cross [Woodward 24]. A reduction of Deventer's large 9-sheet map of Gelderland, published in 1556. Tooley 232.
6. DALMATIA (184). Full-sheet engraved map. Dated 1566 in the plate. 287 x 407 mm. Watermark: anchor in circle A [Woodward 179]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this variant of Comotio's new map of Dalmatia of 1563. Tooley 191.
7. EASTERN EUROPE (185-186) ["Sarmatiae Europeae" (Pomerania to Muscovy)]. Double-sheet engraved map after Andreas POGRABIUS by Niccolò NELLI (publisher). Dated 1570 in the plate. 472 x 668 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: letters "ScC" in shield A and B [Woodward 334 and 335]. A superb example of the second recorded copy of this important map. Tooley 501.
8. SPAIN (187-188). Double-sheet engraved map by Vincenzo LUCHINI (publisher). Dated 1559 in the plate. 451 x 587 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: eagle in circle A and G [Woodward 54 and 60]. ONE OF SIX RECORDED COPIES OF LUCHINI'S NEW MAP OF SPAIN with modifications and improvements over the Gastaldi prototype. Tooley 530.
9. FRANCE (190). Full-sheet engraved map after Pirro LIGORIO by Sebastiano da RE (engraver) and Michaele TRAMEZZINO (publisher). Dated 1558 in the plate. 389 x 516 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown D [Woodward 57]. Primitive pictorial representation of the Alps and Pyrenees. A reduction of Oronce Finé's four-sheet woodcut of 1538. Tooley 208.
10. LAKE GENEVA (191). Full-sheet engraved map after Domenico ALFANI by Jacobus FINANCIARI. Undated. 365 x 490 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn D [Woodward 227]. THE ONLY KNOWN COPY of a magnificent delineation of Lake Geneva with detailed miniature views of Geneva and other lakeside cities. Tooley 238.
11. ITALY (192). Full-sheet engraved map after Giacomo GASTALDI by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1582 in the plate. 392 x 500 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this updating of Gastaldi's map of Italy. Tooley 338.
12. FRIULI (193). Full-sheet engraved map by Donato BERTELLI. Undated. 340 x 466 mm. Watermark: anchor in circle B [Woodward 180]. Includes a fine cartouche of the Venetian winged lion surmounting the globe and a miniature view of Venice at west of the map. Tooley 226.
13. LOMBARDY (194-195). Double-sheet engraved map by Giorgio TILMAN (engraver) and Antonio LAFRERI (publisher). Dated 1570 in the plate. 505 x 749 mm. Printed from two copper plates. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A and D [Woodward 54 and 57]. A magnificent map of the entire Po Valley from the Alps to the Gulf of Venice. Tooley 354.
14. TUSCANY (196). Full-sheet engraved map after Girolamo BELL'ARMATO by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1558 in the plate. 402 x 537 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star shield D [Woodward 316]. Showing Genoa to Rome, oriented on Siena, displaying many sailing galleys in the Tuscan Sea. Tooley 573.
15. SIENA (197). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 423 x 291 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star shield H [Woodward 320]. This early thematic map gives distances between all of the towns and the province shown on the map. Tooley 522.
16. ANCONA (198). Full-sheet engraved map by Vincenzo LUCHINI. Dated 1564 in the plate. 494 x 392 mm. Watermark: eagle and crown in circle A [Woodward 54]. The stylized engraving of the mountains and the sea, the ships, the banner cartouche, and the elaborate arms give this map an unusual appearance. Tooley 102.
17. ABRUZZI (199). Full-sheet engraved map by Natale BONIFACIO (cartographer/engraver) and Nicoló VAN AELST (publisher). Dated 1587 in the plate. 359 x 501 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. A very unusual province map employing uncommon techniques for relief and perspective. Tooley 94.
18. LAZIO (200). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1564 in the plate. 326 x 476 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown G [Woodward 60]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES, showing the region around Rome where the map was produced. Tooley 482.
19. NAPLES (201), region [Campania, Puglia, Basilicata and Calabria]. Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 321 x 467 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown G [Woodward 60]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY OF THIS MAP, displaying the entire Southern half of Italy. East is oriented at the top. Tooley 405.
20. ICELAND (202). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 259 x 191 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star shield A [Woodward 314]. THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF ICELAND, giving great detail of landmarks such as Mt. Heckla and Scalholt, but with the orientation somewhat confused. Tooley 309.
21. GOTLAND (203). Half-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 248 x 185 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Showing detail of cottages and fields. Tooley 267.
22. SJAELLAND, DENMARK (203). Half-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 283 x 197 mm. On the same sheet as the preceding. Tooley 602.
23. IRELAND (204). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 341 x 256 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. THE ONLY KNOWN COPY of this map of Ireland that shows considerable topographical detail. Tooley 319.
24. BRITISH ISLES (205). Full-sheet engraved by Marcus CLODENSIS. Undated. 387 x 523 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star B [Woodward 18]. ONE OF THREE RECORDED COPIES of this re-issue of Lily's famous first printed map of the British Isles. Tooley 274.
25. ISTRIA (206). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 310 x 423 mm. Watermark: anchor in circle B [Woodward 180]. Showing excellent detail of the mountainous coast east of Trieste. Tooley 325.
26. SHETLAND ISLANDS (207) ["Estland"]. Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 240 x 186 mm. Watermark: crown with five points in circle over "AF" A [Woodward 278]. (Hole within image repaired.) An irregularly shaped plate of the Shetland Islands. Tooley 197.
27. MAJORCA (208). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 263 x 203 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Oriented with the east to the top, showing the island's cities. Tooley 357.
28. MINORCA (209). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 262 x 201 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star E [Woodward 21]. The same scale and style as the map of Majorca. Tooley 393.
29. CORSICA (210). Full-sheet engraved map by Fabio LICINIO. Undated. 298 x 202 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield H [Woodward 320]. Showing great detail of villages and cultivated areas. Tooley 169.
30. ELBA (211). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 267 x 201 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star E [Woodward 21]. Showing great topographical detail and city fortifications. Tooley 196.
31. SARDINIA (212). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 301 x 205 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star E [Woodward 21]. Tooley 512.
32. SICILY (213). Full-sheet engraved map by Vincenzo LUCHINI. Undated. 348 x 459 mm. Watermark: pilgrim, crook over shoulder, in circle A [Woodward 10]. Based on Gastaldi's map of 1545. Tooley 516.
33. VALLETTA (214) [Malta]. Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Undated. 283 x 413 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn A [Woodward 224]. Plan of Valletta with detail of its fortifications and environs. Tooley 361.
34. VALLETTA (215, unnumbered) [Malta]. Quarter-sheet engraved map by Domenico ZENOI. Undated. 196 x 146 mm. No watermark visible. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this view showing the Turkish siege. Tooley 372.
35. VALLETTA (215, unnumbered) [Malta]. Quarter-sheet engraved map by Domenico ZENOI. Undated. 179 x 135 mm. On the same half-sheet as the preceding. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this plan of the fortifications. Tooley 386.
36. VENICE (216). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 375 x 541 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this grand view of Venice with 205 references to places in the city. Tooley 385.
37. CORFU (217). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 342 x 248 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Features the fortified town and monastery. Tooley 163.
38. PELOPONNESUS, GREECE (218). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 328 x 248 mm. Watermark: lozenge containing six-pointed star in circle H [Woodward 296]. Showing Athens to the south end of the Peninsula. Tooley 400.
39. CYPRUS (219). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 286 x 219 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20] . ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this fine, detailed map of the island, indicating the towns pictorially. Tooley 186.
40. CRETE (220). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 281 x 218 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Depicts the labyrinth and many historic caves as well as modern cities. Tooley 178.
41. RHODES (221). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1570 in the plate. 290 x 210 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle with star D [Woodward 20]. Inserted upside down. ONE OF THREE RECORDED COPIES of this maritime chart of the island of Rhodes, surrounded by interlaces rhumb lines emanating from nautical compasses. Tooley 465.
42. HISPANIOLA (222). Half-sheet engraved map by Paolo FORLANI and Pietro de NOBILI. Undated. 185 x 256 mm. Watermark: clasped hands in circle [Woodward 1]. Unique variant published by Nobili. Tooley 85.
43. CUBA (222). Half-sheet engraved map by Paolo FORLANI and Pietro de NOBILI. Undated. 176 x 249 mm. Printed at bottom of the same full-sheet as the preceding. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES WITH THE NOBILI IMPRINT. Tooley 91.
44. MADAGASCAR (223) ["S. Lorenzo"]. Full-sheet map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 260 x 194 mm. Watermark: crown with 5 points in circle under "AF" A [Woodward 278].THE FIRST SEPARATE MAP OF THE FAMOUS ISLAND THEN KNOWN AS SAN LORENZO. Tooley 503.
45. SRI LANKA [CEYLON] (224) ["Taprobana"]. Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 265 x 204 mm. Watermark: crown with 5 points in circle under "AF" A [Woodward 278]. Cartouche before the letters. Tooley 547.
46. ISCHIA (225). Full-sheet engraved map by Mario CARTARO. Dated 1586 in the plate. 368 x 524 mm. Watermark: initial M in circle [not referenced in Woodward] . Possibly the only map of this island near the Bay of Naples published in the 16th century. Tooley 520.
47. PUZZUOLI [CAMPAGNIA] (226). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambrogio BRAMBILLA and Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1586 in the plate. 389 x 508 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. ONE OF FOUR KNOWN COPIES. Tooley 460.
48. PUZZUOLI [CAMPAGNIA] (227). Full-sheet engraved map by A.G. and Pietro de' NOBILI. Undated. 298 x 431 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield [Woodward 322]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. A news map, depicting a new volcano that erupted off shore in 1538. Includes a view of nearby Naples. Tooley 458.
49. ROME, ancient (228). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1582 in the plate. 382 x 492 mm. Watermark: star with unicord D [Woodward 227]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. A plan of the ancient city, locating the hills and major monuments. Tooley 494.
50. ROME, modern (229). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1590 in the plate. 400 x 543 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown E [Woodward 58]. (Slightly shaved at bottom, two pale stains.) ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. A plan of the modern city, with 117 numbered references in the legend. Tooley 497.
51. NAPLES (230). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1585 in the plate. 383 X 510 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES. Plan of the port with 77 numbered references. Tooley 412.
52. GENOA (231). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1581 in the plate. 405 x 547 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY. A detailed plan, containing 58 references in the legend. Tooley 243.
53. MESSINA (232). Full-sheet engraved map by Gasparo ARGARIA and Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1567 in the plate. 405 x 558 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. (Slightly shaved at lower left.) A very fine bird's-eye view. The new naval arsenal on the mole is dated 1565. The legend includes 167 references. Tooley 388.
54. ANCONA (233). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambroglio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1585 in the plate. 330 x 500 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn A [Woodward 224]. THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE. The legend includes 87 references. Tooley 109.
55. PALERMO (234). Full-sheet engraved map after Horatius MAIOCCHUS by Natale BONIFACIO (engraver) and Claudio DUCHETTI (publisher). Dated 1580 in the plate. 405 x 558 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown A [Woodward 54]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this detailed plan depicting major buildings and surrounding fields. Tooley 431.
56. MILAN (235). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1573 in the plate. 405 x 557 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star with shield C [Woodward 315]. (Shaved at bottom.) A very fine impression. Depicts each building of the fortified city by its wall and moat. Tooley 390.
57. FLORENCE (236). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 308 x 430 mm. Watermark: eagle in crown with circle E [Woodward 58]. ONE OF TWO KNOWN COPIES of this bird's-eye view of Florence. Tooley 206.
58. PARMA (237). Full-sheet engraved map by Ambrogio BRAMBILLA (engraver) and Marcello CLODIO (publisher). Undated. 325 x 449 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield D [Woodward 327]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY. A very fine impression of this large-scale town plan of Parma. Tooley 444.
59. BOLOGNA (238). Full-sheet engraved map by Claudio DUCHETTI. Dated 1582 in the plate. 380 x 465 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn D [Woodward 227]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this large-scale, detailed town plan with 179 places referenced in the legend. Tooley 139.
60. AUGSBURG (239). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 362 x 495 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle B [Woodward 11]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this view of the imperial city, with each building depicted and the whole town enclosed by its fortified walls. Tooley 119.
61. ORVIETO (240). Full-sheet engraved map, without attribution. 262 x 511 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle C [Woodward 12]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this horizon view, with fifteen buildings named. Many of the medieval towers are visible. Tooley 424.
62. ORVIETO (241). Full-page engraved map after Ipolito da Orvieto SCALZA by Giovanni Battista CAVALLERI. Dated 1583 in the plate. 400 x 532 mm. Laid paper, watermark faint. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this bird's-eye view. The legend references 27 place names. Tooley 425.
63. GENEVA (242). Full-sheet engraved map after Jacobus FORNASERIUS by Alitenio GATTI. Undated. 291 x 406 mm. Watermark: eagle in circle with crown K [Woodward 64]. THE ONLY RECORDED COPY of this bird's-eye view. Tooley 239.
64. LA ROCHELLE (243). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Undated. 300 x 473 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle C [Woodward 12]. State II, with Lafreri's name erased from the plate. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES OF THIS ISSUE of Lafreri's plan of the French port city, made famous by the siege of 1571. Tooley 469.
65. ACQUAPENDENTE (244). Full-sheet engraved map after Raffaello GUICCIARDI by Natale BONIFACIO (engraver), Paolo GRATIANI (publisher) and Pietro de NOBILI (publisher). Undated. 391 x 275 mm. Watermark: goose in circle B [Woodward 78]. ONE OF TWO RECORDED COPIES of this bird's-eye view from the perspective of Porta della Ripa, showing the fortified hill town. Tooley 95.
66. VALLETTA (245) [Malta, new fortress]. Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI and Pietro de NOBILI. Undated. 537 x 388 mm. Watermark: letter "M" under star in shield J [Woodward 322]. ONLY RECORDED COPY of this large-scale view of the fortification for the new town of Valletta. Later state, with imprint of NOBILI added. Tooley 363.
67. MALTA (246). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1565 in the plate. 373 x 497 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn A [Woodward 224]. Shows the Turkish and Christian fleets offshore and the armies afield during the battle between the Christians and Turks. Tooley 374.
68. VALLETTA [MALTA] (247). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1565 in the plate. 355 x 507 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 266]. A remarkably detailed large-scale bird's-eye view of the fortifications of the harbor at Valletta during the battle. Tooley 284.
69. ZIGHET, HUNGARY (248). Full-sheet engraved map by Antonio LAFRERI. Dated 1566 in the plate. 347 x 502 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn C [Woodward 226]. Battle plan depicting the overwhelming hordes of the Turkish army assaulting the Christian garrison. Tooley 544.
70. BICHAT, YUGOSLAVIA (249). Full-sheet engraved map by Giovanni Battista CAVALLERI. Dated 1592 in the plate. 306 x 453 mm. Watermark: shield with unicorn D [Woodward 227]. ONLY RECORDED COPY of this battle plan, showing the Turks invading the walled city. The date of this map provides the terminal date for this atlas, and the Lafreri School of cartography. Tooley 137.
71. CIVITELLA (250). Full-sheet engraved map, attributed to Claudio DUCHETTI. Undated. 300 x 383 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle E [Woodward 14]. Tooley 154.
72. MIRANDOLA (251). Full-sheet engraved map, unattributed. Undated. 275 x 399 mm. Watermark: pilgrim in circle F [Woodward 15]. A view of Mirandola from the east, showing another battle plan depicting the siege of this fortified town near Modena. Without the imprint of A[ntonio] S[alamanca] as stated by Tooley. Tooley 394.