美国现实主义大师温斯洛·霍默(Winslow Homer)的作品捕捉了十九世纪美国的精神内核。他凭借意境隽永的海景画、气势浑厚的自然写生与贴切真切的日常风俗描绘闻名于世,是美国艺术史上举足轻重的核心人物。
霍默于 1836 年生于美国麻萨诸塞州波士顿,其母是才华横溢的业余水彩画家,也是他的启蒙老师。十九岁时,他在波士顿的商业平版印刷公司 J.H. Bufford 当学徒。到了1857年,霍默开始了长达近二十年的自由插画师生涯,为《哈勃周刊》(Harper’s Weekly)等杂志提供插画。
1859 年,霍默迁居纽约,于第十街工作室大厦开设个人工作室,同时入读国家设计学院研习画艺。美国内战爆发后,他受《哈勃周刊》指派奔赴战地,描绘战场风貌与军营日常,这成为他从插画家转型为油画家的重要转折点。归来之后,他依据战地速写素材,陆续创作出一系列以内战为主题的油画作品。
内战结束后,霍默将创作视角转向描绘乡村家庭生活。1867年他前往法国旅行,接触到巴比松画派技法,创作风格也随之受到影响。但他很快发展出自己独特的创作方式,构图大胆,对自然观察入微。这一时期的作品反映了他从细致写实向更带印象派风格转变的过程。
到了1875年,霍默不再从事商业插画,专注于油画与水彩创作。此时他已获得极佳好评,并定期参展。也正是在这段时期,他创作了最具代表性与最优秀的作品之一——《顺风》(Breezing Up,1876年,华盛顿国家美术馆藏)。这幅画体现了他对变化莫测的海洋与海事题材的迷恋。他游历美国及海外的沿海城镇,捕捉海岸边的生活与自然。那些探索自然力量及人与自然关系、令人动容的海景画亦成为他最广受世人喜爱的创作主题。2018年,霍默《船踪何处?》(Where are the Boats?,1883年),原为佩吉及大卫·洛克菲勒夫妇珍藏,在佳士得纽约以4,572,500美元成交。
霍默常年隐居缅因州滨海地区,并在此创作出许多震撼人心的经典作品。1910 年,他于缅因州普劳茨内克的私人画室中辞世。1962 年,美国邮政局发行纪念邮票缅怀这位艺术大师,邮票图案便选用其巅峰代表作《顺风》。
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Where are the Boats?
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Herring Fishing
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Sounding Reveille
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
A Mountain Climber Resting
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Boating Boys in Gloucester
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
A Shady Spot, Houghton Farm
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Two Trout
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
The Flock of Sheep, Houghton Farm
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
The Boat Builders
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Nassau: Water and Sailboat
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Gloucester Harbor, Fishing Fleet
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Florida Jungle
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Boy Hailing Schooners
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Two Men Rowing on a Lake
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
On the Beach, Tynemouth
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Schooners in Gloucester Harbor
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Portrait of Elizabeth Loring Grant
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Through the Fields
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Girl Seated in a Grove
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fallen Tree with Minks
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Prout's Neck
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Young Woman
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Boats Alongside a Schooner (Fishing Pinky)
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Tynemouth Beach
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Startled
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Eight Bells
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Boy and Girl at a Well
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
A Voice from the Cliffs
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Camp in Canada
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Sailing Boats in the Watering Trough
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
The Shepherdess
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Skating
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Portrait of Elizabeth Grant
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Standing Shepherdess with her Flock
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Cow in Pasture
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Shepherdess
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fly Fishing, Saranac Lake
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Boy with a Stick
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Boy and Girl on a Swing
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Out on a Limb
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Perils of the Sea
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
David Pharoah, The Last of the Montauks
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fly Fishing, Saranac Lake
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Picking Flowers, Houghton Farm
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Two Girls Blackberrying
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Tenth Commandment
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Eight Bells
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Shepherd
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Perils of the Sea
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fly Fishing, Saranac Lake