A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF THE EMPEROR CARACALLA
A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF THE EMPEROR CARACALLA
A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF THE EMPEROR CARACALLA
4 更多
A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF THE EMPEROR CARACALLA
7 更多
A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF THE EMPEROR CARACALLA

SEVERAN PERIOD, CIRCA 212-217 A.D.

细节
A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT BUST OF THE EMPEROR CARACALLA
SEVERAN PERIOD, CIRCA 212-217 A.D.
19 5⁄8 in. (50 cm.) high
来源
with Dennis & Leen, Los Angeles, 1976.
with Chaucer Fine Arts, London, acquired from the above, 1977 (Rome a Vision of Antiquity, 1980, no. 53).
Antiquities, Bonhams, London, 28 October 2009, lot 224.
出版
Minerva, September/October 2009 (advertisement).
J. Pollini, "Roman Marble Sculpture," in M. Merrony, ed., Mougins Museum of Classical Art, Mougins, 2011, p. 103, fig. 62.
M. Merrony, "Birth of a museum," Minerva, March/April 2011, fig. 3.
V. Bougault, "L'antiquité au goût du jour," Connaissance des Arts, 2012, p. 115 (illustrated in-situ).
"C'est quoi cette oeuvre?,'" Mougins Infos, December 2020/January 2021, p. 28.
展览
Musée d'Art Classique de Mougins, 2011-2023 (Inv. no. MMoCA488).
拍场告示
Please note that the last line of provenance in the printed catalogue is incorrect and should read: Antiquities, Bonhams, London, 28 October 2009, lot 224.

荣誉呈献

Claudio Corsi
Claudio Corsi Specialist, Head of Department

拍品专文

Caracalla, born Lucius Septimius Bassianus in 188 A.D. in Lugdunum (modern day Lyon), was Roman emperor from 211 to 217 A.D. He was the son of Emperor Septimius Severus and Julia Domna. He co-ruled with his father from 198 and later with his brother Geta after Severus' death in 211. However, he had Geta murdered in the same year to become sole ruler. A damnatio memoriae was issued to destroy all images of Geta, perhaps best illustrated on the so-called Severan Tondo portrait in Berlin, where the face of Geta has been methodically erased while those of Caracalla and his parents remain (see fig. 284 in D.E.E. Kleiner, Roman Sculpture).

The reign of Caracalla was turbulent but marked by a number of governmental reforms. Most notably, his Edict of 212, the Constitutio Antoniniana, bestowed Roman citizenship onto all free men living within the boundaries of the Roman Empire. Cassius Dio (Roman History, book 78) remarks that while the edict nominally honored those living outside of Rome, its true intent was to increase the number of taxable individuals. In the military sphere, Caracalla sought to emulate the conquests of his hero, Alexander the Great, and embarked on campaigns to Germany and the east. Prior to a war with the Parthians in 217, however, he was assassinated by Macrinus, a Praetorian prefect who then briefly served as Emperor before the Severan dynasty was reestablished by Elagabalus in 218.

This bust is of the 'Sole-Ruler' type, dating to the period after he murdered his brother and co-emperor Geta. Here he is depicted with a stern and intense expression, with deeply furrowed brows, a short, cropped beard, and a muscular physique, reflecting his strength and authority. These portraits, portraying a 'rough soldier' image, break from the idealized representations of earlier emperors, which depicted the emperor as a god-like being, instead emphasizing his power and ruthlessness and aligning with his reputation for cruelty. Another example of the 'Sole-Ruler' type can be found in the Musei Capitolini, Centrale Montemartini, inv. no. 2310.

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