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L'OR DES ÉLECTEURS DE SAXE
LES QUATRE NÉCESSAIRES EN OR DES ÉLECTEURS DE SAXE
DRESDE, NÉCESSAIRES No. 1, 2 ET 3 AVANT 1741; NÉCESSAIRE No. 4 ET LES COQUETTIERS PAR GEBRÜDER SCHRÖDEL, 1800; APPAREMMENT SANS POINÇON; 20 CARAT
细节
LES QUATRE NÉCESSAIRES EN OR DES ÉLECTEURS DE SAXE
DRESDE, NÉCESSAIRES No. 1, 2 ET 3 AVANT 1741; NÉCESSAIRE No. 4 ET LES COQUETTIERS PAR GEBRÜDER SCHRÖDEL, 1800; APPAREMMENT SANS POINÇON; 20 CARAT
Chacun comprenant une cuillère, une fourchette à trois dents, un couteau à lame acier, une boîte à épices, un coquetier et une cuillère à moelle; toutes les pièces gravées du numéro du service 1, 2, 3 ou 4; chaque ensemble dans un coffret en cuir numéroté 1, 2, 3 et 4; trois, modèle uni à contours appliqué d'un écu gravé d'armoiries sous couronne, les coquetiers gravés du monogramme 'FAH', les couverts gravés 'AR3'; le quatrième, modèle filet violon gravé d'armoiries accolées sous couronne princière; poinçon de contrôle français postérieur
L. des coffrets: 25 cm. (9 7⁄8 in.)
Poids de l'or (sans les couteaux): 1,608 gr. (51 oz. 14 dwt.)
Les nécessaires numérotés 1, 2 et 3 sont gravés du chiffre et des armoiries d'Auguste III (1696-1763) roi de Pologne et grand-duc de Lituanie de 1734 à 1763. Le quatrième est gravé des armoiries de Frédéric-Auguste I de Saxe (1750-1806) et de son épouse Amalie von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1752-1828) dont le mariage est célébré en 1769.
DRESDE, NÉCESSAIRES No. 1, 2 ET 3 AVANT 1741; NÉCESSAIRE No. 4 ET LES COQUETTIERS PAR GEBRÜDER SCHRÖDEL, 1800; APPAREMMENT SANS POINÇON; 20 CARAT
Chacun comprenant une cuillère, une fourchette à trois dents, un couteau à lame acier, une boîte à épices, un coquetier et une cuillère à moelle; toutes les pièces gravées du numéro du service 1, 2, 3 ou 4; chaque ensemble dans un coffret en cuir numéroté 1, 2, 3 et 4; trois, modèle uni à contours appliqué d'un écu gravé d'armoiries sous couronne, les coquetiers gravés du monogramme 'FAH', les couverts gravés 'AR3'; le quatrième, modèle filet violon gravé d'armoiries accolées sous couronne princière; poinçon de contrôle français postérieur
L. des coffrets: 25 cm. (9 7⁄8 in.)
Poids de l'or (sans les couteaux): 1,608 gr. (51 oz. 14 dwt.)
Les nécessaires numérotés 1, 2 et 3 sont gravés du chiffre et des armoiries d'Auguste III (1696-1763) roi de Pologne et grand-duc de Lituanie de 1734 à 1763. Le quatrième est gravé des armoiries de Frédéric-Auguste I de Saxe (1750-1806) et de son épouse Amalie von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1752-1828) dont le mariage est célébré en 1769.
来源
Auguste III (1696-1763) et son épouse Marie Joséphe d'Autriche (1699-1757), puis par descendance à
Frédéric-Auguste I de Saxe (1750-1806) et son épouse Amalie von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1752-1828) puis par descendance à
Frédéric Auguste III de Saxe (1865-1932) ;
Jacques Helft & Company, New York, 1943 ;
Acquis auprès de celui-ci par Doña Graziella Patiño de Ortiz Linares (1900-1980) et Son Excellence Don Jorge Ortiz Linares (1894-1965) ;
Puis par descendance.
Frédéric-Auguste I de Saxe (1750-1806) et son épouse Amalie von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1752-1828) puis par descendance à
Frédéric Auguste III de Saxe (1865-1932) ;
Jacques Helft & Company, New York, 1943 ;
Acquis auprès de celui-ci par Doña Graziella Patiño de Ortiz Linares (1900-1980) et Son Excellence Don Jorge Ortiz Linares (1894-1965) ;
Puis par descendance.
出版
F. A. Freiherr von O'Byrn, Die Hof-Silberkammer und die Hof-Kellerei zu Dresden, Dresde, 1880, p. 125, 134, 136 et 142.
更多详情
THE FOUR GOLD NECESSAIRES OF THE ELECTORS OF SAXONY
FOUR GERMAN RARE GOLD NECESSAIRES FROM THE DRESDEN TREASURE
DRESDEN, THREE BEFORE 1741; THE FOURTH ONE AND THE EGG-CUPS BY GEBRÜDER SCHRÖDEL, 1800; 20 CARAT
Each comprising a spoon, a three-pronged fork, a knife with steel blade, a marrow spoon, a spice box and a double egg-cup, each engraved with number 1 to 4 and each in their leather case also numbered 1 to 4; three sets applied with a shield engraved with the coat-of-arms under coronet of Auguste III (1696-1763) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1734 to1763, the egg-cups engraved with monogram 'FAH', and the flatware 'AR3'; the fourth set engraved with accollé coats-of-arms with prince coronet above for Frederick Augustus I of Saxony and his wife Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler; apparently unmarked and with later French control mark
Augustus III: A Great Patron of the Arts
Born in Dresden on 17 October 1696, Augustus III (fig. 1) was the son of Augustus II "the Strong" and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. Raised as a Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1712 in order to preserve his dynasty's claim to the Polish throne. In 1719 he married Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria, daughter of Emperor Joseph I.
He succeeded his father in 1733 as Elector of Saxony under the name Frederick Augustus II. His claim to the Polish throne was challenged by Stanisław Leszczyński, who was supported by France, leading to the outbreak of the War of the Polish Succession. Backed by Austria and Russia, Augustus ultimately secured victory and was crowned King of Poland in Kraków in 1734, and formally recognised as king in 1736.
Unlike his father, Augustus III showed little interest in the day-to-day conduct of government, largely entrusting affairs of state to his chief minister, Count Heinrich von Brühl. His reign was marked by the growing influence of Russia over Poland and by the political difficulties of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. By contrast, he devoted considerable attention to the arts and to the embellishment of the Dresden court.
Augustus III greatly enriched the Dresden collections through the acquisition of masterpieces of European painting, most notably Raphael's Sistine Madonna, purchased in 1754. He also gave strong support to the royal manufactories, particularly Meissen, ensuring that Dresden remained one of Europe's foremost artistic capitals throughout his reign.
Frederick Augustus I of Saxony: The Careful Administrator
Born in Dresden on 23 December 1750, Frederick Augustus (fig. 2) was the son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, and Maria Antonia of Bavaria. Following his father's premature death in 1763, he inherited the electorate at the age of twelve. Until he reached his majority in 1768, the regency was exercised jointly by his mother and his uncle, Prince Francis Xavier.
Educated in the spirit of the Enlightenment, Frederick Augustus became known for his prudent administration, profound sense of duty, and personal integrity, earning the sobriquet 'Der Gerechte' ("The Just").
His reign was characterised by administrative and financial reforms intended first to restore Saxony after the devastation of the Seven Years' War and later following the Napoleonic Wars. Although he continued the Wettin tradition of princely patronage of the arts and royal manufactories, his principal concern lay in the careful administration and preservation of the Electoral and Royal collections and estates.
One of the Greatest Silver Treasuries in Eighteenth-Century Europe
As Electors of Saxony, first Augustus III and later Frederick Augustus inherited the 'Hofsilberkammer' (Court Silver Chamber), which housed several thousand objects in silver, silver-gilt and gold. Together with the Habsburg treasury in Vienna and the Wittelsbach collections in Munich, it ranked among the three most important court silver collections in Europe.
Augustus II the Strong had assembled the first great table services between 1718 and 1730, notably for the marriage of Augustus III to Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria and for the magnificent festivities of the Zeithain Camp in 1730. Augustus III himself commissioned new services from Dresden's leading goldsmiths, among them Carl David and Friedrich Reinhard Schrödel, and Christian Heinrich Ingermann.
Beyond their practical function, these magnificent services formed an essential part of the ceremonial display of royal authority. Set out during state banquets and official receptions, they were intended to impress ambassadors and distinguished foreign visitors with the wealth, magnificence and refinement of the Saxon and Polish court.
Gold Cutlery in the Royal Inventories
Alongside these silver and silver-gilt services, the Saxon court also owned a very small number of gold travelling services (or necessaires), reserved exclusively for the personal use of the sovereign and members of the royal family. Unlike the great ceremonial services kept in the Court Silver Chamber, these sets were stored in the royal apartments and accompanied the monarch whenever he travelled between the various royal residences, under the care of his personal attendants.
The inventories of the 'Hofsilberkammer' distinguish clearly between the silver services and those made of gold. The inventory compiled in 1741 on the orders of the 'Oberküchenmeister' (Master of the Kitchens), Friedrich August von Brandenstein, and completed in 1743 by his successor Heinrich Maximilian von Schönberg, records three gold services engraved with the royal cypher and arms ('An purem Golde 3 theils mit der königlichen Chiffre theils mit dem Wappen gestochene Bestecke', p. 125).
A fourth gold service appears to have been melted down on 20 April 1775 and replaced in 1800 by a new necessaire supplied by the Schrödel brothers, together with matching gold egg cups ('An purem Golde...', p. 136). In 1811 the Court jeweller Rossbach replaced the former electoral arms with the royal coat-of-arms. All four gold necessaires were still recorded in the revised inventory of 1876 prepared under the direction of Hans Freiherr von Koenneritz, 'Oberhofmarschall' (Lord High Steward of the Court).
Objects of extraordinary prestige, their survival is remarkable in light of the historical circumstances. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) brought financial ruin to Saxony and necessitated the melting down of a substantial proportion of the court silver to finance military expenditure and pay the indemnities imposed after the conflict. Further losses followed during the Napoleonic Wars. Only a small fraction of the royal treasury survived, making these exceptional gold necessaires among the rarest and most important witnesses to the magnificence of the Dresden court. Their preservation is compelling evidence of the exceptional significance attached to them by the Saxon monarchy.
FOUR GERMAN RARE GOLD NECESSAIRES FROM THE DRESDEN TREASURE
DRESDEN, THREE BEFORE 1741; THE FOURTH ONE AND THE EGG-CUPS BY GEBRÜDER SCHRÖDEL, 1800; 20 CARAT
Each comprising a spoon, a three-pronged fork, a knife with steel blade, a marrow spoon, a spice box and a double egg-cup, each engraved with number 1 to 4 and each in their leather case also numbered 1 to 4; three sets applied with a shield engraved with the coat-of-arms under coronet of Auguste III (1696-1763) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1734 to1763, the egg-cups engraved with monogram 'FAH', and the flatware 'AR3'; the fourth set engraved with accollé coats-of-arms with prince coronet above for Frederick Augustus I of Saxony and his wife Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler; apparently unmarked and with later French control mark
Augustus III: A Great Patron of the Arts
Born in Dresden on 17 October 1696, Augustus III (fig. 1) was the son of Augustus II "the Strong" and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. Raised as a Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1712 in order to preserve his dynasty's claim to the Polish throne. In 1719 he married Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria, daughter of Emperor Joseph I.
He succeeded his father in 1733 as Elector of Saxony under the name Frederick Augustus II. His claim to the Polish throne was challenged by Stanisław Leszczyński, who was supported by France, leading to the outbreak of the War of the Polish Succession. Backed by Austria and Russia, Augustus ultimately secured victory and was crowned King of Poland in Kraków in 1734, and formally recognised as king in 1736.
Unlike his father, Augustus III showed little interest in the day-to-day conduct of government, largely entrusting affairs of state to his chief minister, Count Heinrich von Brühl. His reign was marked by the growing influence of Russia over Poland and by the political difficulties of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. By contrast, he devoted considerable attention to the arts and to the embellishment of the Dresden court.
Augustus III greatly enriched the Dresden collections through the acquisition of masterpieces of European painting, most notably Raphael's Sistine Madonna, purchased in 1754. He also gave strong support to the royal manufactories, particularly Meissen, ensuring that Dresden remained one of Europe's foremost artistic capitals throughout his reign.
Frederick Augustus I of Saxony: The Careful Administrator
Born in Dresden on 23 December 1750, Frederick Augustus (fig. 2) was the son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, and Maria Antonia of Bavaria. Following his father's premature death in 1763, he inherited the electorate at the age of twelve. Until he reached his majority in 1768, the regency was exercised jointly by his mother and his uncle, Prince Francis Xavier.
Educated in the spirit of the Enlightenment, Frederick Augustus became known for his prudent administration, profound sense of duty, and personal integrity, earning the sobriquet 'Der Gerechte' ("The Just").
His reign was characterised by administrative and financial reforms intended first to restore Saxony after the devastation of the Seven Years' War and later following the Napoleonic Wars. Although he continued the Wettin tradition of princely patronage of the arts and royal manufactories, his principal concern lay in the careful administration and preservation of the Electoral and Royal collections and estates.
One of the Greatest Silver Treasuries in Eighteenth-Century Europe
As Electors of Saxony, first Augustus III and later Frederick Augustus inherited the 'Hofsilberkammer' (Court Silver Chamber), which housed several thousand objects in silver, silver-gilt and gold. Together with the Habsburg treasury in Vienna and the Wittelsbach collections in Munich, it ranked among the three most important court silver collections in Europe.
Augustus II the Strong had assembled the first great table services between 1718 and 1730, notably for the marriage of Augustus III to Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria and for the magnificent festivities of the Zeithain Camp in 1730. Augustus III himself commissioned new services from Dresden's leading goldsmiths, among them Carl David and Friedrich Reinhard Schrödel, and Christian Heinrich Ingermann.
Beyond their practical function, these magnificent services formed an essential part of the ceremonial display of royal authority. Set out during state banquets and official receptions, they were intended to impress ambassadors and distinguished foreign visitors with the wealth, magnificence and refinement of the Saxon and Polish court.
Gold Cutlery in the Royal Inventories
Alongside these silver and silver-gilt services, the Saxon court also owned a very small number of gold travelling services (or necessaires), reserved exclusively for the personal use of the sovereign and members of the royal family. Unlike the great ceremonial services kept in the Court Silver Chamber, these sets were stored in the royal apartments and accompanied the monarch whenever he travelled between the various royal residences, under the care of his personal attendants.
The inventories of the 'Hofsilberkammer' distinguish clearly between the silver services and those made of gold. The inventory compiled in 1741 on the orders of the 'Oberküchenmeister' (Master of the Kitchens), Friedrich August von Brandenstein, and completed in 1743 by his successor Heinrich Maximilian von Schönberg, records three gold services engraved with the royal cypher and arms ('An purem Golde 3 theils mit der königlichen Chiffre theils mit dem Wappen gestochene Bestecke', p. 125).
A fourth gold service appears to have been melted down on 20 April 1775 and replaced in 1800 by a new necessaire supplied by the Schrödel brothers, together with matching gold egg cups ('An purem Golde...', p. 136). In 1811 the Court jeweller Rossbach replaced the former electoral arms with the royal coat-of-arms. All four gold necessaires were still recorded in the revised inventory of 1876 prepared under the direction of Hans Freiherr von Koenneritz, 'Oberhofmarschall' (Lord High Steward of the Court).
Objects of extraordinary prestige, their survival is remarkable in light of the historical circumstances. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) brought financial ruin to Saxony and necessitated the melting down of a substantial proportion of the court silver to finance military expenditure and pay the indemnities imposed after the conflict. Further losses followed during the Napoleonic Wars. Only a small fraction of the royal treasury survived, making these exceptional gold necessaires among the rarest and most important witnesses to the magnificence of the Dresden court. Their preservation is compelling evidence of the exceptional significance attached to them by the Saxon monarchy.
荣誉呈献
Paul Gallois
Head of European Furniture, EMEA