What is a gavel?

A gavel is the small wooden hammer an auctioneer uses to signal that bidding is finished. The knock of the gavel on the rostrum either marks the acceptance of the highest bid or that the lot is passed, symbolising authority and finality during bidding proceedings.

Where did the gavel originate?

The word ‘gavel’ comes from the Old English word ‘gafol’, meaning tribute or rent.

Prior to the introduction of gavels at auctions, an auctioneer would sometimes light a candle, with bidding open for as long as the flame burned. When auctions become more structured in the 1700s, gavels appeared more frequently — they were used to open bidding, call for final bids and officially close the sale.

James Christie, founder of Christie’s, brought a sense of showmanship to proceedings, of which the gavel played an important part. He is depicted at the rostrum, gavel in hand, in Robert Dighton’s 1794 cartoon The Specious Orator.

What is the role of a gavel in an auction?

While bidding on a lot is taking place, the auctioneer will hold the gavel aloft. When bidding concludes, the auctioneer brings down the gavel on the rostrum to announce the lot has either been sold to the highest bidder or it is a pass, meaning the lot hasn’t met its reserve price and is left unsold.

Though small in size, the gavel is a powerful symbol at an auction, bringing order, authority and a touch of spectacle to the proceedings.

Alongside auctions, gavels are still used today in US legislatures and courts to bring a session to order and call for attention.

What is a gavel made from?

Gavels are typically crafted from hardwoods, such as maple, oak or walnut. These high-quality materials are chosen for their durability and the crisp, resonant sound they create when struck.

In summary

The gavel is an essential tool for auctioneers, symbolising tradition, ceremony and authority. At an auction, the gavel’s strike marks the final word — the highest bid has been accepted and the lot sold, or the lot is passed and remains unsold.

For more auction terms, visit our full auction glossary.