Clear distinctions have been made between the camera-less imagery created by Moholy-Nagy and that of other practitioners such as Christian Schad and especially Man Ray. Wherein Man Ray conceived of the art as a clever amusement, Moholy approached it as technological experimentation relating to the nature and organization of light. Overlaying elements and shadows of varying sizes, each with an autonomous scale of values, Moholy created interpenetrating spatial entities on a 2-dimensional sheet of paper. In Photography is Creation with Light, Moholy analyzed the cameraless art: "Photograms obtained by fixing light effects in black and white gradations directly on the photosensitive layer (produce) a sublimated, radiant, almost dematerialized effect. ... Contrasts between the different gradations of converging grey values, the deepest black and the brightest white produce a penetrating light effect which can be registered... as a direct optical experience without any objective meaning."