細節
陳丹青
女人像
油彩 畫布
1996年作
題款及簽名:從□先生留念 丹青畫於 一九九6年 補記於2004年


「我畫西藏組畫時只想畫得和米勒一樣,追求我心目中法國式的現實主義」 - 陳丹青訪談錄

1980年代是中國寫實主義的轉折期,藝術家超脫了意識形態的桎梏,嘗試重回藝術真實,透過鄉土、生活題材的描寫,重新探尋時代的精神、個人的哲思,甚至是一代人日常生活底下的存在狀況和情感衝動,他們的作品開闢了新的創作方向,充滿了人文主義和時代關懷,成就了「中國新寫實主義」的藝術潮流。這個潮流下,陳丹青是代表藝術家之一。早於1980年代初已在美國舉行個人展覽,屬同輩畫家的第一人。他的《西藏組圖》系列更常與羅中立《父親》一作並列中國新寫實主義的發展里程碑,建立了一種銜接西方現代主義、又植根中國本土文化和時代背景的表現方向,藝術價值媲美於西方米勒《拾穗》及梵谷《吃馬鈴薯的人》。

《西藏群組》(Lot 1346)是陳丹青西藏系列中少見的人物群組作品,描寫一群藏人行走於街道一景。陳丹青的構圖特色在這張作品表露無遺,不單純以西方單一透視點來組織畫面,反而把行人安排為一行列,彼此有重疊、前後遠近的關係,畫面兩旁的人物只有部份身影出現在畫面上,好像正在走入或是走出場景,畫面構圖充滿了動態發展感,仿如旅行攝影般無意間把生活一刻捕捉下來,又像仿似擷取了舞台或電影一景,構圖顯得自由活潑、富於層次感及生活實感。西藏的炙熱陽光、藏民強健生命力、曠達爽朗的性格,都以濃烈色調、厚重粗獷的筆觸來表現出來,達到了主題及形式的高度結合。藝術風格是雄健明快,但局部刻劃,諸如藏族服飾、回眸的黃犬、石塊牆面的嶙峋起伏、老婦肅木的神情,都有很細膩的鋪陳及色調變化,說明了陳丹青對寫實主題及表達技巧的嚴格追求。《西藏街景》(Lot 1347)屬同一系列的小品創作,其中蔚藍天空背景的描寫是陳丹青《西藏組圖》的特色。整幅作品對街頭紋理、石磚樓房的刻劃都十分細微而具質量感,強化了對西藏生活主題的表達。

《女人像》(Lot 1345) 作於1996年,從主題及時序來看,屬陳丹青旅居紐約時創作的人物素像之一。《裸女》(Lot 1348)屬回國後的創作,兩者不約而同延續及展現陳丹青對寫實、生活題材的愛好,描繪人物神態,不限於客觀再現,而更多注意人物獨特神韻及生活實感,色彩強烈,但寫來又富於古典韻味。其中風格或有參考年幼時的俄國寫實畫作。藝術家曾記述,他的父親在垃圾箱拾到一張撲克牌,背面是彩色濃重的油畫,這是俄國畫家的一幅作品——《意大利姑娘》。父親拿回家送给了陳丹青,陳丹青極愛之,花了幾個星期來臨摹,也畫得栩栩如生。

「我搜羅各種國畫畫冊,格外挑剔……看畫友劉丹案頭郭忠恕《輞川別業圖》冊,頭頂生煙。有誰願意出借經典的真跡予我?不是先迷戀國畫而後去畫,是畫將起來漸漸迷戀,以至耽溺而自失。」 - 摘自陳丹青《繪畫的來世》《南京藝術學院學報》1999年第2期

〈仿北宋郭忠恕《輞川別業圖》〉(Lot 1349)是陳丹青「以油畫畫國畫」創作系列的作品之一,自90年代進行,以油畫的手法臨摹西方大師的畫冊和中國古代水墨畫册。不同於機械印刷品或波普藝術的單純複製原作,陳丹青的複製背後有很深刻的美學思考,是在經典的臨摹之中進行個人的創造。以油畫的寫實技藝再現水墨的寫意筆觸,其中有「觀念藝術」、「以藝術反思藝術」、「經典能否重生」、「反思中國摹擬傳統」等的美學探討層次。透過西方媒材,重新臨摹國畫,也使陳丹青能以一個外在、抽離的仿西方視角去思考中國傳統,產生一種如他所言「迷戀耽溺」的情感反應。生活於中國本土的當代藝術家,因為獨特的成長環境,較多探索政治、社會文化的議題,而少有回歸中國水墨畫傳統。陳丹青的這一創作系列,可以說是另闢蹊徑,是對中國精神的一種緬懷和重新開拓,深化了中國現當代藝術的可能性和表現內涵。

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拍品專文

'When I was doing the Tibetan series, I kept thinking of Millet. I was doing those in pursuit of my ideals of French realism.'

1980 marks the turning point for Realism in China. It was a time when artists unshackled themselves from ideology, returning to realism as the means art through which to portray the country and its daily life, such a humble and simple move that it masks the ways in which New Chinese Realism became the primary movement leading an exploration of the spirit of the times, revealing individual artistic and philosophical musings, and even the existential state and emotional impulses beneath the ordinary lives of the nation. Their works opened up a new direction for creation, emphasizing humanistic concerns and developing an entirely new iteration of modern realism. Chen was one of the representative pioneers of these artists. Among his contemporaries in the early 1980s, Chen was the first to have a solo exhibition in the United States. His Tibetan Series is often read in parallel with Luo Zhongli's Father as the formative milestone of New Realism in China, a fusion of Western modernism, but whose direction took root in the native culture and historical background of China. The artistic and historical value of these paintings by Chen and Luo then was comparable to that of Millet's The Gleaners and Van Gogh's Potato Eaters.
Tibetan Group (Lot 1346) is a rare work from Chen Danqing famous series, describing a group of Tibetans walking on the streets of Lhasa. Chen Danqing's unique compositional techniques are exemplified in this painting, which is not arranged with only a single-point perspective. The figures are arranged in a row, overlapping one another, to create a sense of distance and depth. The characters on both sides, with only parts of their bodies exposed, appear to be moving in or out of the scene. The free-form, vivid composition is imbued with a sense of motion and the dynamics of life, manipulated by a layering effect which is as rich as and varied as a scene taken from a drama or a film. The scorching sun, along with the vitality and heartiness of the Tibetan people, are represented with the intense bright tones and thick brushstrokes, merging theme and form together. The style is robust and lively, sprinkled with delicate details of spatial arrangement and tonal gradient, as is evident in the Tibetan costumes, the backward glance of the yellow dog, the rugged stone wall, and the solemn expression in the old woman's eyes, exemplifying Chen's vigorous pursuit of realistic themes and painting techniques. The blue sky in Tibet's street (Lot 1347) from the series of sketches, illustrates one of the main features in Chen's paintings. Being an intensified characterization of Tibetan life, the entire depiction of the delicate texture of the streets and the brick buildings is subtle but full of substance.

Portrait of a Woman (Lot 1345) was one of Chen's many figure paintings in 1996. It can be derived from the timing of the theme that it was done by Chen when he was sojourning in New York. Nude (Lot 1348) was created after Chen had returned China. Despite their passage of time in execution, both portraits reflect Chen's spontaneous love for realistic, daily life subject matters. The portrayal of people was not only limited to an objective representation, but emphasis was put on the unique charm of the people and the sense of real life, with the use of bright and intense colours, and yet by no means deprived of classic appeal. The artistic style may have been borrowed from that of Russian realistic paintings which Chen relished at a young age. The artist has recalled an oil painting called The Italian Girl by a Russian artist, printed in rich colour at the back of a playing card, which his father found in a trash bin and brought home to him. Chen then replicated it for weeks until the replica was as vivid as the original painting.

"I'm collecting various albums of Chinese paintings. I am very picky ... I was outraged when I found Guo Zhongshu's Farewell to Wangchun on the desk of my painter friend Liu Dan. Who wouldn't mind lending me the authentic works? It was not that I loved paintings therefore I painted. Quite on the contrary, I got obsessed in painting after I started to paint, and my obsession has gradually developed into an addiction that I cannot help myself," as quoted by Chen Danqing in "The Afterlife of Painting" , the Journal of Nanjing Institute of the Arts, in 1999.

After Guo Zhongnu of the Northern Song's Saying Farewell at Wangchuan (Lot 1349) is a traditional "Chinese" painting in oil by Chen, a series in which he replicates both Western masterpieces and ancient Chinese ink paintings with oil painting techniques. Unlike the mechanical reproduction of original works, whether in prints or Pop art, Chen has undergone very deep aesthetic thinking in the replicating, or more precisely, re-creating process, where he has put in much of his thoughts. It actually involves some high-leveled discussion of aesthetic issues, such as "conceptual art", "reflections on art by the means of art," "whether classics can be reborn," and "reflections on Chinese replicating traditions", to reproduce the free-styled strokes of ink paintings with realist oil painting techniques. It is exactly the replication of Chinese paintings by Western media which enables Chen to develop a detached perspective of an outsider to muse on Chinese traditions like, as he put it, an "addictive obsession". The political, social and cultural issues surrounding many Chinese contemporary artists in their upbringing discouraged them from returning to the traditions of Chinese ink painting. This line of creation by Chen, can therefore be regarded as one of its kind, as both the reminiscence and redevelopment of the spirit of China, in which the thoughts on the possibilities of Chinese contemporary art are deepened.

更多來自 中國二十世紀藝術 日間拍賣

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