細節
朱銘
觀音
銅雕 雕塑
版數:2/10
約1997-1992年作
簽名:朱銘

來源
亞洲 私人收藏


年輕的朱銘最初學藝於鎮上的媽祖廟雕刻師,學習的都是傳統神像雕像,後來拜現代雕塑大師楊英風為師,吸收中西現代雕塑的養份。《觀音》(Lot 1387) 充分體現朱銘如何承傳本土,創作橫跨中西、民俗及現代的藝術。朱銘以中國佛教文化為題材,慈悲為懷的觀音大使以堅固的青銅鑄成。傳統觀音瓷器雕塑,或坐在蓮花上,或站立灑金露,線條輕柔、圓滑,營造神仙下凡的輕巧。朱銘刀下的觀音,以半臥的姿勢出現,令人聯想起亨利.摩爾(Henry Moore)的線條流暢的人體雕塑,顯現了觀音大使脫俗超凡的氣質。朱銘清脆俐落的大直線、大斜線,產生一種勁道;慈祥的面相,化繁為簡,整個雕塑剛柔並重,既充滿中國傳統,又富現代感。

《太極 -十字手》(Lot 1388) 以木鋸鋸出粗大的鋸紋,和木頭的紋理形成一種有趣的對話,簡潔、俐落,毫不猶疑。整體造型,平舉的雙手和直立的身軀,猶如一座穩重的十字架,給人一種沉靜中又見祟高意象的感受。可見,朱銘不執著於眼前所看到的事物,從而脫離了太極招式與身法的限制,顯示出強烈的現代性抽象語言特質,表現統粹的精神性與造形性。朱銘瞭解動靜相合,陰陽平衡、相生相剋、相輔相承的太極概念,他曾說:「為什麼太極拳要這麼慢?就好像一個人身體裡有三匹馬力,故意關掉兩個馬力。只用一個馬力來動。當用一個馬力來動。當用一個馬力已到純熟的地步,一旦三個全開,那不是威力驚人?」

80年代始,當太極木雕奠定了朱銘的地位,朱銘也開始探索在木材以外的雕塑媒材,更多的選用了青銅和石塊作為太極造形的媒材,以展現氣勢更磅礡、更宏闊的巨大造型和古樸蒼茫的感受。媒材改變了技法,技法也改變了思維。不像木頭,現代石化媒材是一塊沒有生命的量體,沒有了與木頭原型的對話,很容易在下鋸之前,便被腦中固定的形式所牽引,而雕出大同小異或沒有個性的作品。於是,朱銘便發展出一種以「速度」代替「定性思維」、以「忘我」取代「計劃」的創作方式︰「動刀之後,改變就開始了,隨著第一刀、第二刀馬上跟進,思考正要介入,第三刀眼明手快,搶進了當中的縫隙,再一刀……就這樣,一直下刀,一直變化,熟極而流。就算念頭一直緊隨,也有刀法一路衝鋒,這時已經不是用腦子的事了,理智終究要放棄,什麼雜念都插不進來,只剩下一個很深的自我在前進,憑著平時修練的智慧、直覺,不斷讓作品成形。」

朱銘作品的宏偉感不全然來自尺寸,而是來自作品的形狀和質感。雕塑不分大小皆流露出自然的力量及律動感。《太極 - 轉身蹬腳》(Lot 1390) 以一種「速度」、「直覺」創作理念指導下,雕刻操作過程能擺脫理性思維,展現一種時刻在進行的動勢和創作直覺。整體造型,單腳站立,重心置在右腳,揮動雙手,轉身向後乘勢踢出左腳。朱銘把曲膝站地的右腳雕刻得厚重,表現穩如泰山的下盤。相反,蹬出的右腳雕刻得靈巧,表現了踢腿的速度感。

初期的太極系列,都是單人一件的作品,從一個人的肢體動態中,表現太極的力道與氣韻。但太極的本意,原本就有陰陽二氣、二元對立而又渾然一體,二者相生相長,以繁衍無限,派生萬物。在80年代以後,朱銘便陸續製作出不同的雙人對打造型後,開啟了對「太極」系列重新思考的新一章。對招系列最早見於1981年,此後一直成為受藏家歡迎的系列,以新的方式表現太極更深層的底蘊。《太極 - 對招》(Lot 1391) 是罕見以銅底版固定兩個太極雕塑的作品,和《太極 - 對招》(Lot 1389) 一樣表現動靜、虛實之間,將太極拳隨屈就伸、人剛我柔、借人之力、順人之勢的精義顯露無疑。雖然太極招式變化多端,威力無窮,事實上,太極是一種養生、自衛的訓練與哲學,《太極系列 - 和階共處》(Lot 1337) 表現的是共同練習太極招式,互相輝映,互補不足。

來源
Private Collection, Asia

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拍品專文

Before he became an apprentice with the modern sculptor Yang Ying-feng, Ju Ming had already received his lessons in sculpting Chinese traditional religious statues from the sculptors at Matsu Temple in his hometown, establishing his technique in both Eastern and Western sculpting traditions. Guanyin (Lot 1387) exemplifies how Ju draws inspiration from local heritage, creating artworks that bridge East and West, combining folk and modern art practices and aesthetics. Ju's theme is based on Chinese Buddhist culture, and he solidifies the Goddess of Mercy and Compassion in bronze. Guan Yin is traditionally depicted in porcelain, sitting on a lotus flower, or standing upright, one hand holding a vase, and the other sprinkling sweet dew down to earth. The smooth lines lend a touch of lightness to the deity as she descends to earth. The Guan Yin sculpted by Ju, however, is in a reclining pose, with soft and smooth lines reminiscent of Henry Moore's human figures, highlighting the ethereality of the Goddess of Mercy and Compassion. The clean bold lines, straight or diagonal, are neat and powerful; the kind face of Guan Yin is further simplified to add a tenderness to the still form. The whole sculpture is full of Chinese traditional symbols and imagery, but expressed in a contemporary form.
The marks left by the teeth of the saw on Taichi Series - Preparation for Underarm Strike (Lot 1388) generates an interesting dialogue between the artist's assured mark-making and the texture of wood. The overall shape of the figure, with body upright and hands held up firm to form a solid cross, gives a sense of nobility to the serene image. It can be observed from his detachment from the formal Tai Chi movements and steps that Ju is not at all obsessed with an exact physical likeness. His figures, free from bodily restrictions, speak in the modern language of abstraction, and their prominent features show the pure form of spirituality and formation. Ju pursues Tai Chi concepts such as the inter-dependence between stillness and motion, the balance between yin and yang, elements nurturing as well as intimidating each other. Ju has commented, "Why does Tai Chi have to be played slow? The movements are so slow as if there were three horsepower in the player's body, and the player had deliberately turned down two of them, focusing on only one. Think in this way: when one has full command of one horsepower, wouldn't he be incredibly powerful when all the three are on?"

In the early eighties, once Ju had already established his virtuosity in wood sculpture in the Tai Chi series, he began to explore media beyond wood. He started to shape his Tai Chi imagery in bronze and stone, demonstrating the magnificent, grotesque and archaic simplicity inherent to the traditional Chinese martial arts. Techniques are channeled by media, which also mould the way of thinking. Unlike wood, however, modern industrial material has no inherent organic quality. Without this natural dialogue with his materials, Ju instead developed a kind of creative process emphasizing "speed" instead of a "fixed thinking mode", favoring "ecstasy" over rational "design". "When working in wood, conceptual changes begin with the very first cut, thoughts begin to intervene at the second cut, and the third cut should be quick and precise, digging into the niche, and then give another cut. In this manner, Ju would modulate his carving, until a smooth, flowing mass is formed. In doing so, Ju enters into a state where reason is left behind, channeling the wisdom and intuition from daily practice to allow the works to take shape.

The magnificence of Ju's works is due not only to size, but also the shape and texture. His sculptures, no matter how big or small, never fail to express the power and rhythm nature. Taichi Series - Turn Stomp (Lot 1390) is structured by the concepts of "speed" and "intuition". The sculpting process shows continuous motion and creative intuition. Standing upright on one foot, the weight of the figure is transferred to the right foot. As the figure attempts a sideward turn, kicking backward with the left foot, Ju depicts the heaviness of the left foot by showing the bending leg against the steady poise of the pelvis. The right foot kicks sharply out, that highlighting the speed and agility of the kick.

The early Tai Chi series by Ju are individual portrayals which reveal the strength, energy and dynamics of the human body, distilling the underlining the fundamental philosophy of Taichi: Yin and the Yang are revealed as two co-mingling halves of one whole; they benefit and complement each other and in infinite multiplications; they are the source from which all things in the universe derive. Since the 1980s, Ju has begun a new chapter in a re-thinking the Tai Chi series, creating different postures of dueling pairs. The Duel series, which was made to reveal the profound depth of Tai chi, was first exhibited publicly in 1981, and since then it has become among Ju's most sought after works. Taichi Series - Sparring (Lot 1391) is a rare work featuring two sculptures attached to a copperplate platform. In much the same way as Taichi Series - Sparring (Lot 1389), it shows the very essence of Tai Chi, which is, to stretch while bending, to be soft when the opponent is firm, to rebound the force onto the source agent. Although the movements are richly varied, they are nonetheless extremely powerful; Tai chi is, afterall, a training method for health enhancement and self-defense. Taichi Series (Lot 1337) vibrantly illustrates the ballet of Tai Chi, the figures complementing each other in a delightful contrast.

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