CAUCASUS, 19TH CENTURY

Explanatory names on this diagram clarify the structure of the universe, heaven and hell. Similar cosmological images can be found in manuscripts and 19th century lithographed editions of Yaziji Zadeh Mehmed Efendi's (d. 1451) Kitab-i Muhammadiyye, Mehmedoglu Mehmed Efendi known as Alti Parmak's (d. ca. 1650) Peygamberler Tarihi and Erzerumlu Ibrahim Haqqi's (d. 1780) Ma'rifatnama.