LATE SHANG-EARLY WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY, 11TH CENTURY BC

The inscription cast below the handle and on the inside of the cover reads ya tian X (possibly zi).

The tripod he form is based on Neolithic pottery prototypes, seen as early as the Erlitou culture (19th-17th century BC) and was made in bronze by the Erligang culture (16th-14th century BC). A Shang-dynasty Anyang-period version of the he form, with a tall egg-shaped body and small cover, from the tomb of Fu Hao, is illustrated by J. Rawson in Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, vol. IIB, Cambridge, 1990, p. 664, fig. 112.1. The present vessel is more representative of the late Shang-early Western Zhou period, with its smoothly divided tri-lobed body and wider circular cover attached with a single large link, and the spout rising diagonally from the shoulder opposite the C-shaped handle. The he evolved to a more squat form with shorter legs, more pronounced lobes and a wider, flared neck during the early to middle Western Zhou period.

A he of similar proportions, also with zigzag bow-strings defining the lobes and dated to the late Shang or early Western Zhou period, but decorated with a simple band of kui dragons encircling the shoulder and cover, in the Arthur M. Sackler Collection, is illustrated by J. Rawson in Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, Vol. IIB, Cambridge, 1990, p. 662-63, no. 112, as are two other similar he decorated with different bands around the shoulder and cover, fig. 112.4 (in the British Museum, London[1953.5-11.1]) and fig. 112.5 (from Gansu, Lingtai Baicaopo).