THE PROPERTY OF A GENTLEMAN (Lots 30-31)
A PAIR OF GEORGE II MAHOGANY AND OIL-GILT SIDE CHAIRS

POSSIBLY BY WILLIAM HALLETT

Details
A PAIR OF GEORGE II MAHOGANY AND OIL-GILT SIDE CHAIRS
Possibly by William Hallett
Each with a pierced entwined ribbon-scrolled rectangular back, the toprail centred by a pagoda roof, the stiles and centre of the splat decorated with scrolling acanthus and flowerheads, the padded drop-in seat covered in gros and petit point floral wool needlework, above a Chinese blind-fretwork seat-rail, on cabriole legs headed by shells and decorated with acanthus rockwork and C-scrolls, with scrolled feet and leather castors, each chair with an inventory plaque to the reverse incised '784' on one chair and '786' on the other, the former with a paper label to the underside of the seat-rail inscribed in ink 'Page 162 No 1', the latter with a paper label indistinctly inscribed in red ink, with pegged construction, later blocks (2)
Provenance
Probably supplied to Peregrine, 3rd Duke of Ancaster (1714-1778) for Grimsthorpe Castle, Lincolnshire.
Thence by descent at Grimsthorpe to Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Ancaster (1867-1951), until after 1928.
Mr. and Miss Clarica Davidson, in 1953.
Anonymous sale, in these Rooms, 7 July 1988, lot 145 (a set of six).
Literature
H, Avray Tipping and C. Hussey, English Homes, Period IV - Vol. II, London, 1928, p. 320, fig. 475 (in situ in the Tapestry Bedroom at Grimsthorpe Castle. Lincolnshire)
M. Jourdain and F. Rose, English Furniture, The Georgian Period (1750-1830), London, 1953, pp. 58 and 72, pls. 23, 24 and 32.
Sale room notice
THE GRIMSTHORPE CHAIRS

This pair of chairs can be identified as being part of the set of six chairs in G.R. Harding's Catalogue of Paintings and Furniture at Grimsthorpe Castle, 1903 (p.154) :- 'SIX CHAIRS, of mahogany; the backs of bold open scroll-work, ornamented with foliated scrolls in low relief, and surmounted with a pagoda-shaped ornament; the front legs carved and similarly decorated; the details piecked out in gilding. Seats of Needlework, representing flowers on red ground'.

The set, upholstered in 'chintz pattern printed cotton', also appears to feature in the 'West end' bedroom in the 1813 Inventory (p.30) as:- 'Eight Mahogany chairs, carved backs, loose stuff'd seats'. However, they are likely to have been designed originally for the 'Tea Room' created for Mary, Duchess of Ancaster following her marriage in 1748. Indeed William de la Cour, the French-born scenic designer, drawing-master and dealer in engravings of Chinese as well as European ornament, may have assisted William Hallett (d. 1791) in their design.

With their 'picturesque' ribbon-twined backs wreathed by Roman foliage, Chinese-trellised rails and 'umbrello'd' crestings, they epitomise the fashion for which Hallett and his partner Thomas Bromwich for Long Acre became famous at this period. In particular, the author Horace Walpole (d. 1797), another of their patrons, wrote of Hallett's 'mongrel Chinese' style; and this was commemorated in Richard Cambridge's Elegy:- 'In scenes where Hallett's genius has combin'd with Bromwich to amuse and cheer the mind'.

Lot Essay

Engraved patterns for elaborately fretted chairs apppeared in the First Book of Ornament, 1741, published by the ornamentalist William de la Cour (d.1767) who was associated with the avant-garde group of artists in the St. Martin's Lane Academy and was active in establishing the rococo style in England in the 1740s. The ultimate expression of his style is in designs published by the cabinet-maker Robert Manwaring in 'The Chair-Maker's Guide' of 1766, pls. 49-54, 59 and 74. All the available information about Manwaring, including the statement that he was a cabinet-maker with his own premises in London, is derived from his own publications. However, the boldness of his designs, and of these chairs, makes it impossible to discount his claim of the designs that 'they are actually Originals, and not pirated or copied', adding 'there are very few designs advanced, but what he has either executed himself, or seen completely finished by others'.
The closest parallel to these chairs is the pair from St. Giles's House, Dorset, that were sold from the Samuel Messer Collection, in these Rooms, 5 December 1991. The St. Giles's chairs are convincingly attributed to William Hallett, the leading cabinet-maker of the 1740s and to whom several payments are recorded in the St. Giles's Household Account Book in 1745-52. The similarity between the legs and feet of the two pairs of chairs is very striking indeed and it would seem probable that they are by the same maker.
The 1813 inventory of Grimsthorpe is tantalisingly vague about stylistic details of sets of chairs. The Tapestry Bedroom, the room in which these chairs were photographed in 1928, contained in 1813:
6 Richly carved Mahogany chairs with stuff'd seats cover'd with marone Velvet and Brass nailed.
These can be discounted because of the brass nails which could not have appeared on chairs with drop-in seats. In the Lower West Blue Bedroom were:
6 mahogany chairs carv'd backs and stuffd seats cover'd with Drab emboss'd Velvet in suite with the Bed Furniture.
The bed itself was described as 'A 6 feet Mahogany Bedstead on strong French castors, a set of japanned cornice and handsome furniture of Drab emboss'd Velvet lined with blue calico, the whole finished with blue and black fringe. This desciption, and that of other furniture in the room, suggests an exotically dark colour scheme into which these chairs might have fitted. Sadly there is no reference to their Chinoiserie ornament which would have confirmed their location in the house.

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