ANNIE OAKLEY'S WINCHESTER The Property of A MEMBER OF THE CRAWFORD CLARKE FAMILY
A RARE WINCHESTER .44 W.C.F. 'MODEL 1873' LEVER-ACTION REPEATING SMOOTHBORE RIFLE, No. 256170B, Third Model, the frame, hammer and furniture with traces of special-order colour-hardened finish, the lower tang stamped '1527XX', plain trigger, the underlever with applied stitched suede protection for the hand, 'fancy' grade unchequered wood, the short special configuration stock with unchequered steel crescent butt-plate (with trap but without provision for a cleaning-rod; one screw missing), the body of the stock inset with a steel presentation plaque inscribed 'Presented by Annie Oakley to W.R.C. Clarke, 1891', the forend with rounded cap, the blued round smoothbore barrel with full-length magazine and non-standard rear-and fore-sights

Details
A RARE WINCHESTER .44 W.C.F. 'MODEL 1873' LEVER-ACTION REPEATING SMOOTHBORE RIFLE, No. 256170B, Third Model, the frame, hammer and furniture with traces of special-order colour-hardened finish, the lower tang stamped '1527XX', plain trigger, the underlever with applied stitched suede protection for the hand, 'fancy' grade unchequered wood, the short special configuration stock with unchequered steel crescent butt-plate (with trap but without provision for a cleaning-rod; one screw missing), the body of the stock inset with a steel presentation plaque inscribed 'Presented by Annie Oakley to W.R.C. Clarke, 1891', the forend with rounded cap, the blued round smoothbore barrel with full-length magazine and non-standard rear-and fore-sights
Weight 8lb., 12¼in. pull, 20in. barrel, proof exemption, sold as unsuitable for use
Provenance
Annie Oakley visited England on a number of occasions and felt at home here remarking, at one time, 'it was as if we had come home'. It was on her first trip in 1887 that she met the great grandfather of the present owner, Richard Edward Clarke (1843-1921) who was himself a keen shot. He went to the Wild West Show specifically to meet Annie; they met and became firm friends, Annie and her husband Frank Butler subsequently staying on the family estate in Shropshire on many occasions. They would stay for a week at a time for game shooting - a soothing and relaxing alternative to the rigours of show life. Annie also became a firm friend of Richard Edward's son William Richard Crawford Clarke (1865-1927) to whom this rifle was presented.

The rifle is sold with photocopies of two contemporary Shooting Times extracts (one dated 1887 on the reverse) which record Annie's visits to the family. The entries are as follows:-

To the Editor of the SHOOTING TIMES

'Dear Sir, - Miss Oakley will leave to-morrow for a week's game shooting on the estate of Mr. Crawford Clark, 15 miles from Shrewsbury. The Schultze Powder Company gave her a very fine gold medal on Saturday, making four she has secured since coming to London. Surely she cannot complain of the kindness of the English'
F.E. Butler
Camp, Wild West,
October 31st

and secondly:-

'Wild West ended on Monday last, after a most prosperous career. It is now in Birmingham and afterwards will go on to Manchester. By the way, the show has lost one of its principal attractions in the person of Miss Annie Oakley, who, as will be seen from a letter in another column, has severed her connection with the Wild West. Miss Oakley means to go in for a different kind of entertainment. This week she goes down to Shropshire to join a shooting party. Afterwards she intends visiting various places on the Continent. Little Sure Shot's personal urbanity, as well as her wonderful skill, will ensure her a warm welcome.'

The relationship between the American performers and the Crawford Clarke family must have been very close. The presentation of a Winchester show gun is a not insignificant gesture and the family still possess two further mementos of Annie's visits; a New England striking clock with alarm by E.N. Welch, and a stuffed and mounted pheasant head shot by Annie herself (see overleaf). The family also retain an unmarked .22 (R.F.) Harrington & Richardson target revolver of the type Annie Oakley used.

The Havighurst biography 'Annie Oakley of the Wild West' further details one of Annie Oakley's visits to the Crawford Clarke family and maintains that it was on the terrace of the house that Annie performed one of her best-remembered feats - taking thirty steps across the terrace and then, turning and throwing the gun to her shoulder, she shot the centre out of a playing card held in her husband's hand.
Further details
END OF SALE

Lot Essay

WINCHESTER RECORDS
The Cody Firearms Museum, Cody, Wyoming has kindly forwarded the following information for Model 1873 No. 256170, as entered in the Winchester factory ledgers:-

received in warehouse Feb. 13th 1888
.44 calibre (.44-40)
round barrel, 20in. length
plain trigger
case hardened (including frame) and blued
X stock (fancy wood and finish)
½in. shorter stock than standard
smoothbore barrel
shipped from warehouse Feb. 14th 1888

SMOOTHBORE RIFLES
Much has been made of Annie Oakley's use of smoothbore rifles, some regarding it as rather too easy. There can be no doubt, however, that the trick or target shooting practised by Annie Oakley required just about as much skill with a smoothbore gun as it did with a rifle. Moreover, there is one very important factor that is usually overlooked. Annie was performing in front of many hundreds, sometimes thousands of people and the use of a rifle with its greater range and momentum, would, in some circumstances have been too dangerous. Buffalo Bill, for example, often used a Model 1873 smoothbore rifle taking a long shell loaded with twenty grains of black powder and about one quarter ounce of No. 7½ chilled shot.


ANNIE OAKLEY

Annie Oakley was born Phoebe Ann Moses on August 13, 1860 in Darke County, Ohio. She was born into a poor family and much of her early life was spent 'shooting for the pot'. Her first gun was a Parker 16-gauge supplied with a hundred brass shells and in time, the Katzenberger brothers - proprietors of the store to which she supplied her excess game - gave her a prized can of Du Pont Eagle Ducking Black Powder. Annie gradually achieved local fame for the cleanness of her kills and she excelled in the local turkey shoots, her reputation leading eventually to the match against the man who was destined to be her husband. Frank Butler was one of a number of itinerant sharpshooters who travelled the United States, and the match took place in Ohio in 1881. The bet was $100, a sizeable sum at the time, and Frank was astonished by the appearance against him of a 'little slim girl in short dresses.' Annie won 23 to 21 and a romance developed between the two which was to last a lifetime. They married and Frank Butler became Annie's manager, their early married life being spent as travelling performers. It was at this time, in 1884, that Annie appeared before Sitting Bull, victor of the Battle of Little Big Horn who was, in Annie's words 'about as much taken by my shooting stunts as anyone else ever has been... he raved about me and would not be comforted.' Sitting Bull insisted upon adopting her and he named her 'Little Sure Shot' in tribute to her marvellous shooting abilities.

Her skills took her on to performances with the Sells Brothers Circus and finally to the show that won her her greatest acclaim - Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. At the time, a female exhibition shooter must have been a remarkable sight in such a 'rough-and-tumble' world. Annie would open the shows, 'tripping in, waving, bowing and blowing kisses'. Standing out in her feminine but practical clothes, the diminutive Annie would break clays and glass balls in any number of combinations and with any type of firearm. She would fire pistols from each hand, fire rifles lying prone across chairs or held above her head; she shot from every conceivable position in a manner that, reported the Fall River (Mass.) Evening News 'causes the men to marvel and the women to assume airs of contented superiority'. At one time she shattered a record 4,772 out of 5,000 glass balls and one of her favourite tricks was to fire a rifle backwards over her shoulder whilst sighting in a mirror. She was so good that some thought the glass balls filled with an explosive that would detonate when she fired.

In 1887, the Wild West Show sailed for London and Queen Victoria's Jubilee. Here she opened at Earl's Court, the show generating tremendous public enthusiasm with the English. Special performances were commanded by Prime Minister Gladstone, by Edward, Prince of Wales, and finally by Queen Victoria herself who, asking to meet Annie called her 'a very very clever little girl'. She met Charles Lancaster from whom she ordered the first of a number of guns, including 12 and 20-bores and in the same year Annie went to Shropshire for a rest.

Annie was now known as 'the wonder of both continents... the greatest rifle and wing shot in the world' and in 1889 in the year of the Paris Universal Exposition, she appeared before the French President and assembled grandees. The Show moved on, for a three year tour of Europe, calling at Dresden, Venice, Rome, Vienna, Barcelona and Munich where Annie saved Prince Luitpold of Bavaria from an enraged bronco call 'Dynamite', knocking him to the ground inches from disaster. A second tour of Europe opened in 1891 during which Annie shot the ashes off a cigarette placed in Crown Prince Wilhelm's (later Kaiser Wilhelm I) mouth, thereby, as some later said, missing her chance to prevent the First World War.

The later years of Annie's life were marked by true stardom and the peace that comes from the final realization of one's goals in life. She was able to perform as an actresss, to build herself a new home in Maryland and to escape some of the rigours of the travelling life. Her life, however, was still full of shooting and gentle tuition; she died on November 3, 1926, a remarkable woman.

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