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Lot Essay
In diplomacy presents played an important role. Often there is only a suspicion that an object was used for such an occasion. However not in this case. According to the inscription on the backside of the mounting, the present miniature was a gift of Queen Elizabeth I of England to De Manmaker, through the hands of the Earl of Leicester.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (1533-1588) was sent by Elizabeth to the Netherlands to command Dutch and English auxiliary forces against the Spaniards after the fall of Antwerp in 1585. In 1586 he was appointed governor-general by the States General. Robert Dudley stayed in the Netherlands roughly between 1585 and 1588.
De Manmaker is Adriaen de Manmaker who was appointed thesaurier-generaal (chief treasurer) of the province of Zeeland by Prince William I on 20 October 1573. He was representative of 'de Eersten Edelen van Zeeland', in the meeting of the States and in the college of the delegate councel of Zeeland. (He successfully held this position until his death on 30 November 1590).
For comparative literature:
Nagtglas, F., Levensberichten van Zeeuwen, Middelburg, 1888-1893, pp. 125-127.
Aa, A.J. van der, Biografisch woordenboek der Nederlanden 12, Haarlem, 1896, pp. 145-147.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (1533-1588) was sent by Elizabeth to the Netherlands to command Dutch and English auxiliary forces against the Spaniards after the fall of Antwerp in 1585. In 1586 he was appointed governor-general by the States General. Robert Dudley stayed in the Netherlands roughly between 1585 and 1588.
De Manmaker is Adriaen de Manmaker who was appointed thesaurier-generaal (chief treasurer) of the province of Zeeland by Prince William I on 20 October 1573. He was representative of 'de Eersten Edelen van Zeeland', in the meeting of the States and in the college of the delegate councel of Zeeland. (He successfully held this position until his death on 30 November 1590).
For comparative literature:
Nagtglas, F., Levensberichten van Zeeuwen, Middelburg, 1888-1893, pp. 125-127.
Aa, A.J. van der, Biografisch woordenboek der Nederlanden 12, Haarlem, 1896, pp. 145-147.