An important Russian silver tureen, cover and stand from the Peter the Great Service

MAKER'S MARK ONLY, THAT OF JOHANN FRIEDRICH KÖPPING, ST. PETERSBURG, CIRCA 1750

Details
An important Russian silver tureen, cover and stand from the Peter the Great Service
maker's mark only, that of Johann Friedrich Köpping, St. Petersburg, circa 1750
Circular, of bombé form, on four boldly modelled cast claw and ball feet, surmounted by cast and chased scrolls and shells on waved matted panels, the body applied between with four crowned rococo crossed foliage cartouches, alternatively engraved with crowned intitial P and coat-of-arms and cast and applied above with fruit festoons and shells and with mask and shell bracket handles, the everted neck chased with a band of shells and with ovolo border, the domed cover with gadrooned border and cast and applied with two rococo cartouches similarly engraved to those on the body, with floral festoons, foliage strapwork and shells on waved matting between, the massive baluster finial rising from shells and cast and chased with panels of flowers and fruit, the shaped circular stand with ovolo foliage and shell rim and similarly chased border, the centre engraved with crowned initial P in rococo cartouche, the base engraved and stamped with inventory number 35 and prick-engraved in Cyrillic 'Sel', the tureen with inventory number 17 and also stamped 77, the cover stamped 17, marked on base
41 cm. (16.1/8 in.) diam. and 35 cm. (13.3/4 in.) high
9,060 gr. (291 oz.)
Provenance
Ordered by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (1742-1762) as an addition to the service commissioned by her father, Peter the Great (1682-1725).
Thence by descent in the Imperial Russian collection until 1917.
Transferred to the State Fund and sold by the Soviet Government circa 1930.
Literature
Baron A. de Foelkersam, Inventaire de l'Argenterie, conservée dans les Garde-meubles des Palais impériaux: Palais d'Hiver, Palais Anitchkov et Château de Gatchina, St. Petersburg, 1907, vol. II, p. 507 and vol. I, pl. 23. The inventory numbers and weights on the illustrated pieces are given for the tureen and cover as no. 17 and 77, weight 14 funts 79 zolotniks and for the stand as no. 35 weight 7 funts 35 zolotniks.
These weights translate to approximately 9,085 gr.
Sale room notice
The arms appear to be those of Holstein-Gottorp. It seems probable that the Empress Elizabeth ordered these additions to the earlier Peter the Great service for her nephew and heir, Peter-Karl-Ulrich, reigning Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. He was declared heir to the Russian throne on 7/18 November 1742 and married three years later the future Catherine the Great.

Lot Essay

`One of the best, if not the best, of the St. Petersburg silversmiths of the XVIII century' wrote Baron Foelkersam of Köpping (op. cit., I p. 79). The son of the St. Petersburg silversmith Claus Jacob Köpping who came to Russia from Sweden during the reign of Peter the Great, Johann Friedrich was apprenticed to his father in 1718 for seven years, and worked for him from 1740 to 1748. In that year he was accepted by the St. Petersburg Foreigners' Guild and was described as a `free master of gold work' until 1763. In 1764 he became the Court Keeper of Plate (zil'berdiner). From 1750 to 1782 he continually worked for the Imperial Court, often with Ivan Blom (op. cit. I.p. 69) and sometimes with Ivan Mironov (op. cit. I.p. 85), and the quantity of gold and silver items from his workshops was very considerable. Köpping died in 1783.

Of the Peter the Great [Petrovskii] Service, very few pieces survived to the beginning of the 20th century when Foelkersam (op. cit. vol. II. pp. 506-507) listed just two tureens with stands from the earlier, unmarked, service from the reign of Peter the Great, and four, presumably somewhat more "rococoized", tureens with stands made by Köpping. The latter, including the present example, are recorded by Foelkersam as being marked solely with Köpping's initials. All of these tureens are recorded as being `received in 1762 from Lieutenant Sel'vin (a footnote suggests that the name should read "Seniavin") from [the palace of] Oranienbaum'. Indeed the tureen is engraved "Sel" near the inventory numbers. In 1762 Catherine usurped the throne and, needing the financial security provided by the Imperial treasures to secure her position, she ordered items of value to be sent to St. Petersburg from the outlying palaces.

Among other Imperial commissions from Köpping recorded by Foelkersam are a gold salt for the Empress Anna Ioannovna (1730-40), additions to the Paris Service by F.T. Germain, and to the First and Second Travelling services used by Catherine the Great on her progresses, as well regilding the First French Service. In "the case brought in 1762 by Lieutenant [Grigorii] Pleshcheev from the Summer Palace" were ten four-branch candelabra made by Köpping in 1759, being part of a large service made for Elizabeth Petrovna. All these were stored in the Winter Palace.

Such was the value of the work undertaken by Köpping that in 1763 a guard under Lt. Ivan Möller of the Preobrazhenskii Life-Guards Regiment was placed at the house of the silversmith "under the direct supervision of the Gentleman-in-waiting Prince Golitsyn" ... "in order that it was not possible to waste silver and money" (Foelkersam, op. cit., vol. I. pp. 64-65; and also quoted by Alexander von Solodkoff in Orfèvrerie russe du XVIIe au XIXe siècle (Paris, 1981), p. 20).

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