An early 17th-Century German ivory diptych dial,

Details
An early 17th-Century German ivory diptych dial,
signed PAVLVS REINMAN ... 1607,

Face Ia, the upper leaf, outer face: wind rose in red and black with scales calibrated 1 - 32 and the names of the Mediterranean winds in Italian, compass viewing aperture, brass direction pointer (lacking vane), four brass six-pointed feet (slight damage to tips of two points), brass clip

Face Ib, upper leaf, inner face: pin-gnomon dial to show the hours in the day, calibrated 8 - 16 in red and showing the symbols of the zodiac in black, a pin-gnomon dial to show planetary hours, calibrated 1 - 12 in red and titled PLANETEN STVNDT, series of string fixing holes for the latitudes 39°, 42°, 45°, 48°, 51° and 54°, and a table in red and black giving the names and latitudes of 48 cities

Face IIa, lower leaf, inner face: horizontal dial with scales calibrated 4 - 12 - 8 for the latitudes 39°, 42°, 45°, 48°, 51° and 54° in red, green and black, with central pin-gnomon scaphe dial showing Italian hours 8 - 23 in green and Babylonian hours 1 - 16 in red, with twelve lobed geometric motif in red and green, the dial surrounded by four wind faces (cf. Gouk p. 118, figure 105, no. 1) and stars in green, with legend below SOLI DEO GLORIA. PAVLVS REINMAN NORIMBERGAE FACIEBAT in red and black, the compass with blued steel needle and brass cap, the base with maker's mark (Gouk p.117, figure 104, mark 10), the glass retained by brass bezel with dog-tooth border, engraved brass clip to retain wind vane, four brass clips

Face IIb, lower leaf, outer face: gilt lunar volvelle with radiant crescent moon face calibrated 1 - 12 twice, running over conversion scales calibrated 1 - 12 twice in black, 1 - 29 in red, correction scales in black for hours (marked S) and minutes (marked M), and scales giving the Gregorian and Julian epacts in red and black titled EPACTA GREGORII ANNO 1607 IST and EPACTA IVLIANI ANNO 1607 IST, maker's mark (Gouk p. 117, figure 104, mark 10), and four brass six pointed star feet -- 4¼in. (10.7cm) long

See Colour Illustration and Details
Literature
GOUK, Penelope The Ivory Sundials of Nuremberg 1500-1700 (Cambridge, 1988)
LLOYD, Steven A. Ivory Diptych Sundials 1570-1750 (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1992)
SYNDRAM, Dirk Wissenschaftliche Instrumente und Sonnenuhren (Munich, 1989)
ZINNER, Ernst Deutsche und Niederländische Astronomische Instrumente des 11.-18. Jahrhunderts (Munich, 1972)

Lot Essay

Paul Reinman (1557-1609) was probably the son of Heironymous Reinmann (fl. 1554-1577), a highly regarded Nuremberg compass maker of whom Syndram comments: "Reinmann ... gehörte zu den bedeutendsten und erfolgreichsten Kompaßmachern Nrnbergs in der zweiten Hälfte des 16.Jahrhunderts, dessen Arbeiten auch dem Kaiser bekannt waren" (p. 79). It was Heironymous who first used the "crown" maker's mark (Gouk's mark 10, present on the diptych of 1558 described by Syndram as item 12, pp. 77-9), and subsequently used by Paul, who maintained the high standard established by his father: Lloyd judges that, "The quality of Paul's instruments, many of which are finely engraved and have gilt brass fittings, reinforce the impression that he was a wealthy craftsman who could afford the best materials and workmanship for his diptychs .... [his] work represents the apex of the Nuremberg diptych dial. His instruments are notable for their visual attractiveness as well as for their technical accuracy". He also notes Paul's contribution to the development of the genre: "It was Reinman who first extensively adopted the practice of ornamenting the diptychs with fine decorative borders and engraved figures and scenes which were apparently taken from contemporary pattern books, prints and emblem books" (pp. 43-4).
A very similar diptych dial by Reinman dated 1607 in the Nuremberg Germanisch Museum is described and illustrated by Zinner (p. 489, plate 28, figure 3).

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