Gould wrote 'The Ring-Ouzel resorts to the wildest tracts of our mountains, and there, far from the haunts of man, it breeds, generally constructing its nest among the rocks of the most wildest glens and most rugged watercourses...'

'The figures of the young birds... were drawn from examples obtained by myself in the Dovrefjeld, in Norway, where the bird was breeding at an elevation of 5000 feet... The young... are without a trace of the white crescentic mark on the breast, and have the under surface crossed with wavy lines of black and yellowish white.'

Gould and Wolf visited Dovrefjeld, Norway in summer 1856.

DISTRIBUTION: Breeds locally from north Scandinavia, British Isles, northern France, central and southern Europe, eastern Turkey east to Caucasus, west Transcaspia and northern Iran. Winters from southern British Isles and continental Europe south to north Africa, Near East and Iran. In Britain there is evidence of a continuing decline this century