QUR'AN
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QUR'AN

COPIED BY MUHAMMAD IBN MIRAK, HERAT, RAMADAN AH 965/JUNE-JULY 1558 AD

Details
QUR'AN
Copied by Muhammad ibn Mirak, Herat, Ramadan AH 965/June-July 1558 AD
Manuscript on paper, 390ff. with 13ll. of black naskh on gold sprinkled panels, the first, seventh and last line in larger gold script, gold rosettes between verses, text outlined with gold, sura headings in white on illuminated panels, finely illuminated roundels with the verse count written in white Eastern kufic in margins, occasional further illumination highlighting the text panels, opening finely illuminated bifolio, final folio with colophon signed by Muhammad ibn Mirak in Herat and dated Ramadan 965, slight staining at edges of folios, otherwise very good condition, later brown morocco binding
Folio 10¼ x 7in. (26 x 17.5cm.)
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No VAT will be charged on the hammer price, but VAT at 17.5% will be added to the buyer's premium which is invoiced on a VAT inclusive basis

Lot Essay

This very fine Qur'an was copied by an unrecorded scribe called Muhammad ibn Mirak. It is tempting to suppose that he was a son of Aqa Mirak, the famous painter from Isfahan who worked on the Shahnameh that was made in Tabriz for Shah Tahmasp in the 1530s. He may equally be the son of Mirak Heravi, an artist in the service of Sultan Husayn Bayqara.
This is an unusually fine Herati Qur'an, written in elegant naskh. The roundels, marginal illumination and opening bifolio are of the highest quality.

In the colophon the scribe uses an unusual epithet to describe Herat, mihnatabad or the "misery stricken city of Herat". Herat had been fought over throughout the reign of Shah Tahmasp as the Safavids were almost constantly at war with the Uzbeks in the North East of the country. The city had frequently changed hands, as had the city of Mashhad. Herat suffered during these wars which were often accompanied by terrible religious persecution as the Shi'a Safavids and the Sunni Uzbeks settled old scores. For an interesting account of reprisals agains the Shi'a from the ahsanu't tawarikh of Hasan Beg Rumlu written in 985/1577-8 see Browne, E.G. A Literary History of Persia, Vol. IV., pp. 94-5 Camb., 1969.

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