No VAT will be charged on the hammer price, but VA… Read more SEVEN LETTERS FROM DAVID LIVINGSTONE TO JAMES ASPINALL TURNER M.P. James Aspinall Turner (1797-1867), the son of a cotton trader, with a strong Presbyterian background, rose to be one of the most prominent merchants in Manchester, becoming Chairman of the Manchester Commercial Association, and was twice elected M.P. for the city, in 1857 and 1859. The present group of seven letters from David Livingstone to Turner cover the period of Livingstone's Zambesi River expedition of 1857-1864. The letters are remarkable for their optimism (to some extent concealing problems both in navigation and in internal disagreements), for their detailed description of the expedition's discoveries, in particular in the Shire River valley, and for their strong concentration on the accessibility of the area, and its potential both for colonisation and commerce -- describing the area as 'incomparably the best for the produce of cotton [of] any in the world'. Livingstone's letters to Turner markedly reflect the interests and position of their recipient, with frequent references to details of cotton production and to Turner's broader entomological interests. Livingstone appears to have had some expectations of Turner's political influence, for the letters contain a strong emphasis on the need for Government action against Portuguese claims of sovereignty and against the revitalised slave trade in the area, as well as in providing the expedition with a replacement for their unsatisfactory steam vessel, the Ma Robert.
DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873)

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DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873)

Two autograph letters signed to James Aspinall Turner M.P., 50 Albemarle Street and Newstead Abbey, 11 December 1857 and n.d. [postmarked 6 February 1865], together 8 pages, 8vo, envelope.

FUNDING FOR THE ZAMBESI PROJECT AND FOR THE LAST EXPEDITION. Writing from the offices of his publisher, John Murray, Livingstone expresses hopes that 'the fact of my never having got a penny from the Government might be urged as a reason why no objection shoud be made to granting the money for a vessel &c. It will be purely for public purposes', adding that as in the present instance he demands no salary, 'no objection to the expedition can fairly be offered'. In the letter from Newstead whilst planning his last expedition, Livingstone acknowledges a contribution of £24, and reports the offer by the Geographical Society of £500 'for the determination of the watershed of Africa', as well as a promise from Lord John Russell and other support; as for the expedition itself, 'I don't want to have more than one companion and wish to have my son who was captured by the confederates before Richmond on 7th Octr'.

Livingstone's reference to his eldest son has some unwitting pathos: Robert Livingstone, who had been impressed into the Northern army in the American Civil War, had been wounded and taken captive at a skirmish at Laurel Hill, Virginia. By the time Livingstone wrote this letter, Robert was already dead, a few days before his 19th birthday, in December 1864. (2)
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