TIBET, 19TH CENTURY

The deer, one male and female, with their attentive demeanor, symbolize the audience of Shakyamuni Buddha's first teaching at the deer park of Sarnath after attaining enlightenment. He preached the eight-fold path towards liberation from the suffering of unenlightened life. The deer would have flanked an eight-spoked wheel of Dharma, symbolizing the Buddhist teaching or 'Turning of the Wheel', and are generally placed above the front gate of a Buddhist monastery, allowing for the path toward liberation and happiness to progress.
For another pair, see R. Thurman and D. Weldon, Sacred Symbols, The Ritual Art of Tibet, 1999, cat. no. 1.