Lot Essay
The text is an invocation to the founder of the Khalwatiya order which reads Ya Hadrati Shaykh Sayyid Sultan 'Aziz Mahmud Hudayi (1541-1628 AD). Nasih Efendi (1813-1885) was a scribe employed at the Diwan-i Humayun ("Imperial Chancery"). He was trained in jali thuluth by Mustafa Raqim and taught diwani, jali diwani and tughra to Sami Efendi (Ugur Derman, Eternal Letters, Sharjah, 2009, p.202).