From the collection of the late LÉON HATOT
AN IMPORTANT DIRECTOIRE HELIOCENTRIC PLANETARIUM WITH CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT

ANTIDE JANVIER AU LOUVRE, CIRCA 1790

細節
AN IMPORTANT DIRECTOIRE HELIOCENTRIC PLANETARIUM WITH CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT
Antide Janvier au Louvre, circa 1790
THE ORRERY
1. The central static gilt bronze sun with its two nearest satellites; (a) Mercury (the closest satellite) orbiting the sun every 87.97 days. (b) Venus with a period of 224.7 days.
2. The earth revolving around the sun every year, the moon, its nearest satellite, revolving around the earth ascending and descending above and below the equator of the earth on a white enamel chapter ring inscribed en 29 jours 12 heures 44 minutes orbite de la lune par court.
3. A white enamel annular year calendar showing each month and its relevant number of days indicated to by means of a blued steel pointer at the end of the orrery arm, a small window in the month of January cut out to show beneath another revolving chapter ring displaying the numbers 1 to 100
THE SUB-ASSEMBLIES
The escapement signed Janvier au Louvre on a D-shaped regulation scale for the flat blued helical spring to a plain brass three-armed balance, the unusual spring detent escapement with steel escape wheel of duplex format having ten peripheral impulse teeth and ten vertical locking teeth, the escapement of chronometer format with unusual form of spring foot detent, the steel locking pallet with rectangular cut-away space which, in unlocking towards the escape wheel arbor (as with Arnold's format) allows the passage of one vertical tooth on each alternate oscillation of the uncut three-armed brass balance wheel with blued steel spiral balance spring, the power provided by twin going barrels with unusual ratchet wind using a steel bar key on their underside, the immediate motionwork transferred through to the top-plate applied with an hour and minute dial with later white enamel Roman chapter ring, blued spade hands and gilt sweep centre seconds hand, the centre pinion driving the orrery above giving indirect drive to the central tier of calendar work with subsidiary 24-hour and calendar dials with later enamel discs and with manual adjustment square;
now with parcel gilt oak base and glazed gilt-brass framed dome
12 in. (30 cm.) high over orrery, 14½ in. (37 cm.) high over dome
來源
From the collection of the late Léon Hatot, and thence by family descent.
出版
Michel Hayard, Antide Janvier, Horloger des étoiles, 1751-1835, L'Image de Temps, 1995, pp. 59 & 270

拍品專文

Antide Janvier, was born on 1st. July 1751 in Brive near St. Claude in the Jura mountains. His father, although recorded as a farm labourer, referred to himself as 'Master Clockmaker' on the baptism certificate of his second son. His father recognised his son's precocious talent and from the age of thirteen Antide was selected to study under the Abbé Tournier at Saint-Claude.
In 1766, at the age of fifteen, Antide started to make his first sphère movement which took him a year and a half to complete. Once finished Janvier himself presented it to the Académie des Science at Besançon who showered him with praise and gave him a certificate for his efforts.
By 1770 he was in the service of Mr. Devanne as an apprentice clockmaker where with shades of the great English clockmaker, John Harrison he made another orrery but this time from boxwood. He later made a scaled down version, just 10 inches in diameter, and it was this model that he took on his journey to Paris to make his fortune. By great audacity Janvier managed to gain himself an audience with Louis XV but his impudence stood in poor stead and he was sent packing to Verdun
Having married and settled there as a clockmaker he came to the attention of Monsieur de Lalande, the famous professor of Astronomy at the Collége de France. Janvier had made two small Sphères mouvantes which he had sent to Paris to be gilded, one heliocentric and the other geocentric. It was these that had caught the eye of de Lalande who had seen them at the gilders and re-called Janvier to be re-introduced to the Royal Court, this time to Louis XVI. The King imediately bought the pair of miniature orreries for his personal collection and placed them in his study in Versailles. After the Revolution the whereabouts of these two miniature orreries became unknown but it now begs the question as to whether the present orrery originally had it own geocentric partner. Janvier, a prolific writer, gave an account of his two miniature orreries that was subsequently printed in Verdun; Déscription de deux machines astronomique présentée au roi, le 24 avril 1784 par Antide janvier, Horloger de Monsieur, Verdun, 1784, op. cit.. The whereabouts of this writing is as yet unknown.