美國現實主義大師溫斯洛·霍默(Winslow Homer)的作品捕捉了十九世紀美國的精神內核。他憑藉意境雋永的海景畫、氣勢渾厚的自然寫生與貼切真切的日常風俗描繪聞名於世,是美國藝術史上舉足輕重的核心人物。
霍默於 1836 年生於美國麻薩諸塞州波士頓,其母是才華橫溢的業餘水彩畫家,也是他的啟蒙老師。十九歲時,他在波士頓的商業平版印刷公司 J.H. Bufford 當學徒。到了1857年,霍默開始了長達近二十年的自由插畫師生涯,為《哈勃周刊》(Harper’s Weekly)等雜誌提供插畫。
1859 年,霍默遷居紐約,於第十街工作室大廈開設個人工作室,同時入讀國家設計學院研習畫藝。美國內戰爆發後,他受《哈勃周刊》指派奔赴戰地,描繪戰場風貌與軍營日常,這成為他從插畫家轉型為油畫家的重要轉折點。歸來之後,他依據戰地速寫素材,陸續創作出一系列以內戰為主題的油畫作品。
內戰結束後,霍默將創作視角轉向描繪鄉村家庭生活。1867年他前往法國旅行,接觸到巴比松畫派技法,創作風格也隨之受到影響。但他很快發展出自己獨特的創作方式,構圖大膽,對自然觀察入微。這一時期的作品反映了他從細緻寫實向更帶印象派風格轉變的過程。
到了1875年,霍默不再從事商業插畫,專注於油畫與水彩創作。此時他已獲得極佳好評,並定期參展。也正是在這段時期,他創作了最具代表性與最優秀的作品之一——《順風》(Breezing Up,1876年,華盛頓國家美術館藏)。這幅畫體現了他對變化莫測的海洋與海事題材的迷戀。他遊歷美國及海外的沿海城鎮,捕捉海岸邊的生活與自然。那些探索自然力量及人與自然關係、令人動容的海景畫亦成為他最廣受世人喜愛的創作主題。2018年,霍默《船蹤何處?》(Where are the Boats?,1883年),原為佩吉及大衛·洛克菲勒夫婦珍藏,在佳士得紐約以4,572,500美元成交。
霍默常年隱居緬因州濱海地區,並在此創作出許多震撼人心的經典作品。1910 年,他於緬因州普勞茨內克的私人畫室中辭世。1962 年,美國郵政局發行紀念郵票緬懷這位藝術大師,郵票圖案便選用其巔峰代表作《順風》。
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Where are the Boats?
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Herring Fishing
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Sounding Reveille
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
A Mountain Climber Resting
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Boating Boys in Gloucester
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
A Shady Spot, Houghton Farm
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Two Trout
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
The Flock of Sheep, Houghton Farm
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
The Boat Builders
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Nassau: Water and Sailboat
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Gloucester Harbor, Fishing Fleet
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Florida Jungle
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Boy Hailing Schooners
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Two Men Rowing on a Lake
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
On the Beach, Tynemouth
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Schooners in Gloucester Harbor
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Portrait of Elizabeth Loring Grant
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Through the Fields
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Girl Seated in a Grove
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fallen Tree with Minks
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Prout's Neck
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Young Woman
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Boats Alongside a Schooner (Fishing Pinky)
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Tynemouth Beach
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Startled
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Eight Bells
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Boy and Girl at a Well
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
A Voice from the Cliffs
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Camp in Canada
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Sailing Boats in the Watering Trough
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
The Shepherdess
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Skating
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Portrait of Elizabeth Grant
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Standing Shepherdess with her Flock
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Cow in Pasture
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Shepherdess
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fly Fishing, Saranac Lake
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Boy with a Stick
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Boy and Girl on a Swing
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Out on a Limb
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Perils of the Sea
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
David Pharoah, The Last of the Montauks
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fly Fishing, Saranac Lake
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Picking Flowers, Houghton Farm
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Two Girls Blackberrying
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Tenth Commandment
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Eight Bells
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Shepherd
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Perils of the Sea
WINSLOW HOMER (1836-1910)
Fly Fishing, Saranac Lake