阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦 (Albert Einstein)

阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦(Albert Einstein)於1879年出生於德國烏爾姆,被譽為二十世紀最具影響力的物理學家,甚至可說是史上最著名的科學家。

愛因斯坦童年時期曾往返於德國南部、意大利及瑞士。後來,他畢業於蘇黎世聯邦理工學院(現稱瑞士聯邦理工學院,ETH),並在伯恩的瑞士聯邦專利局工作數年。直至1908年,他才獲得伯恩大學的初級教職,正式踏足學術界。

1905年被譽為愛因斯坦的「奇蹟年」(annus mirabilis),他發表了四篇劃時代的論文,分別探討狹義相對論、光電效應、布朗運動及質能等價原理。 他著名的方程式 E = mc²,正是源自狹義相對論的研究。 1915年,當時已定居柏林的他,發表了廣義相對論,徹底改變了我們對引力的認知——此理論更被譽為「物理學中最美麗的理論」。 2021年,佳士得以11,656,560歐元拍賣出愛因斯坦—貝索手稿,該手稿記錄了他早期對廣義相對論的研究過程。

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph letter (a draft, unsigned) to [Henry Usborne], n.p. [9 January 1948]

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Two autograph letters signed ('Einstein' and 'A. Einstein') to Ludwig Hopf, [Prague, after 20 February 1912] and Zurich, 16 August 1912

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph letter signed ('Albert') to Michele Besso, Prague, 26 March [1912]

Michele Besso (1873-1955)

Autograph manuscript calculations and prose drafts on the perihelion of Mercury and the 'Entwurf' theory of general relativity, [June 1913 - 1916]

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

'Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie', in: Annalen der Physik , IV. Folge, volume 49, pp.[769]-822. Leipzig: J.A. Barth, 1916.

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Revised galley proof sheets for The Meaning of Relativity in its original German text ( Vier Vorlesungen über Relativitätstheorie ), with a leaf of additional text in typescript, Berlin, 26 January - 7 February and 27 April 1922

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Portrait photograph signed (in full, 'Albert Einstein'), n.p., and 10 October 1930

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph manuscript, 'Feldgleichungen' (field equations), a summary of his paper 'Systematic investigations of compatible field equations ...', [April 1931]

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph manuscript, 'Naheliegende Modifikation der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie' (An obvious modification of the general theory of relativity), [c.1932-34]

Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)

Autograph manuscript, 'Zur Auflösung der Gleich[ung] 0 = g ik,l – g sk Δ s il – g is Δ s lk ' (On the solution of the equation 0 = g ik,l – g sk Δ s il – g is Δ s lk ), [spring 1946]

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph manuscript, 'Verallgemeinerung der relativistischen Gravitationstheorie II' (A generalisation of the relativistic theory of gravity), [1946]

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Typed letter signed ('A. Einstein') to Richard G. Kieninger, 112 Mercer Street, Princeton, 3 July 1948

Albert Einstein (1879-1955).

Autograph manuscript signed (‘A. Einstein‘), ‘Altes und Neues zur Feld‐Theorie‘, [Berlin, before 3 February 1929], with two pages of scientific workings. In German. 14 pages, 290 x 229mm.

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955).

Autograph letter signed (‘A. Einstein’) to [Rudi W.] Mandl, [Princeton], 2 June 1936.

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Series of 43 autograph letters signed ('Albert Einstein' (4), 'Albert' (23), the later letters with variations on the pet-name 'Johannzel', two letters lacking signature) to his first wife, Mileva Marić, [Zurich, Milan, Mettmenstetten, Melchtal, Winterthur, Schaffhausen and Bern, 16 February 1898 - ?19 September 1903]

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

Autograph letter signed ('A. Einstein') to [Wander and Geertruida] de Haas ('Meine lieben De-Haasen!'), n.p. [Berlin], n.d. [before 15 November 1915].

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

Autograph manuscript, n.p., n.d. [early 1940s], draft of a scientific paper on Unified Field Theory.

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

'Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen.' Offprint from: Annalen der Physik , 4th Series, vol. 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905.

God does not play dice

Princeton, 30 November 1949

'The great success of gravitation'

Berlin, 3 January 1916

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph letter signed (with initials, 'A.E.') to Cornelius Lanczos, n.p., 21 March 1942

LORENTZ, Hendrik Antoon (1853-1928)

Large collection of scientific publications by the Dutch Nobel laureate, H.A. Lorentz, from his own private library.

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

Autograph scientific manuscript incorporating a draft autograph statement signed (with initials, 'A.E'), 25 December 1925.

'The universe only exists in one example'

Ahrenshoop (on the German Baltic coast), 20 August 1918

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

‘Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?’ Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4th Series, vol. 18. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Autograph manuscript signed (at conclusion, 'A. Einstein'), 'Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität' [Unified Field Theory of Gravitation and Electricity], [Berlin, before 14 June 1928]

An attempt at a new unified theory

Geneva, 28 July 1925

Quantum equations

Zurich, 11 August 1926

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

Photograph signed ('A. Einstein') and inscribed to [A.C.] Robbins, 1951.

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955)

Autograph manuscript, section 3 of a paper on unified field theory, 'Spezialisierte Feldgleichungen für ein Feld, das einer Symmetriebedingung genügt' (Specialised field equations for a field satisfying a symmetry condition), n.p., n.d. [before 23 August 1943]

His will and testament

Albert Einstein, May 1934