J.M.W. 透納因對光綫與色彩的大膽創新而備受推崇,其作品中往往注入强烈的戲劇性與情感張力。他的早期作品細膩寫實,但隨著風格演進,他逐漸擁抱更富表現力與氛圍感的創作手法,深刻影響了日後印象主義的發展。
透納成年後的大半生,都遵循著嚴格的藝術創作節奏:每年夏天,他走訪英國鄉間,以戶外寫生的方式,描繪氣勢磅礴的景致,例如他筆下諾森伯蘭的諾漢姆城堡在2017年於佳士得以581,000英鎊的價格售出;冬日則蟄居畫室,根據這些寫生稿,潜心創作油畫。這種創作模式讓他得以掙脫倫敦的束縛,以及他視爲桎梏的學院派傳統。
《海上漁夫》(1796年作,現藏於倫敦泰特不列顛美術館)是透納首幅在皇家藝術研究院展出的油畫作品,1796年亮相之際,便展現了他宏大的藝術抱負與精湛的繪畫技巧。這幅畫也爲他引來衆多富有的贊助人委托,例如英國威爾特郡斯托海德莊園的主人理查德‧科爾特‧霍爾,以及同樣位於威爾特郡、擁有方特希爾哥德式宮殿的威廉·貝克福德,皆請他繪製風景畫作。
1804年,年僅二十九歲的透納已在倫敦哈利街開設了自己的畫廊,展出作品包含他早期氣氛濃郁的風景畫,以及尺幅較小的英格蘭田園風光。這種打破傳統的自我推銷手法深受著名藏家賞識,他們更邀請透納參觀他們的豪華宅邸。意大利雕塑家安東尼奧‧卡諾瓦參觀過哈利街的畫廊後,將透納稱作一位天才。
透納勇於嘗試不尋常的構圖,有時拋開畫筆,轉而使用調色刀,甚至以自己的拇指,在畫作表面刮擦、塗抹,創造獨特質感。2006年在佳士得紐約以35,856,000美元成交、刷新拍賣紀錄的《朱代卡島,安康聖母聖殿和聖喬治馬焦雷教堂》便是幾乎完全以調色刀創作。
J.M.W.透納於1851年辭世,安葬於聖保羅大教堂。他生前便安排自己長眠於此,與他的「藝術同道」約書亞·雷諾茲爵士和托馬斯·勞倫斯爵士爲鄰。
維多利亞時代的著名藝評家約翰·拉斯金曾贊譽透納為最能「以激動人心而真誠平實手法描繪大自然情緒」的藝術家。到了1910年,英國國家美術館(現泰特不列顛美術館)更特地闢建一翼,用以陳列他遺贈給國家的作品(這批珍藏後來於1987年移送到同一棟建築內的克羅爾館)。
1984年設立的年度「透納獎」,便是爲向他致敬而命名。2011年,透納當代畫廊在濱海小鎮馬蓋特開幕,紀念這位藝術家與該地的深厚淵源。2016年,透納的肖像更獲英國銀行選用,印製於新版20英鎊紙鈔上,以表彰他對英國藝術的卓越貢獻。
探索約瑟夫·馬羅德·威廉·透納作品
約瑟夫·馬羅德·威廉·透納 (倫敦1775-1851)
《將約翰·貝利尼的三張畫作安放於威尼斯救主堂》
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Pope's Villa at Twickenham
約瑟夫·馬羅德·威廉·透納 (倫敦,1775-1851年)
《月光下的瑞士龍疆湖》
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Venice: The New Moon – The Dogana from the steps of The Hotel Europa
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Sunrise over the Sea, perhaps at Margate
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (1775-1851)
Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, with Nelson's Column
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
The Lake of Lucerne from Brunnen, with a Steamer
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. London 1775-1851
The Brunig Pass from Meringen, Switzerland
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
The Splügen Pass
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
The Rock of Gibraltar, with shipping in the foreground
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Norham Castle: Sunrise
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Ludlow Castle, Shropshire
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
The Thurn and Taxis Palace with the Obermünster in the distance, Regensburg, Germany
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Hampton Court Palace
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Conway Castle, North Wales
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
'Off Yarmouth': A Steamship off the Coast in Rough Weather
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Launceston, Cornwall
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
The Valley of the Brook at Kidron, Jerusalem (Absalom's Tomb)
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (1775-1851)
Jerusalem from the Latin Convent
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Rocks at Colgong (Kahalgaon) on the Ganges, Bihar, India
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Binger Lorch and the Mäuseturm
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. London 1775-1851
A view in the Domleschg Valley, Switzerland
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Pendennis Castle and the entrance to Falmouth Harbour, Cornwall: Scene after a Wreck
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Cassiobury, Hertfordshire, seen from the North-West
約瑟夫·威廉·透納 R.A. (倫敦, 1775-1851)
牛津郡布萊尼姆宮及大橋
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
The Chain Pier, Brighton
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. London 1775-1851
On the Mosel: Bernkastel, Kues and The Landshut, Germany
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
The approach to Venice or Venice from the lagoon, circa 1840
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Lake Albano, Italy
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (1775-1851)
Lebanon in a Thunderstorm (The Cedars of Lebanon)
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
The River Aare at Thun, looking towards Lake Thun, with the Niesen and the Bernese Alps beyond
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Genoa, from the Sea, looking up to the Church of Santa Maria Assunta in Carignano
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
London: Autumnal Morning
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (1775-1851)
The Brenva Glacier from Notre Dame de la Guérison, above Courmayeur, Val d'Aosta
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Colour beginning: A coastal landscape with a figure in the foreground
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Binger Loch and the Mäuseturm
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Mont Blanc from the Bridge of St. Martin, Sallanches
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (1775-1851)
A view on the Mosel, possibly Coblenz, Germany
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Lake Lucerne, with the Rigi
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
A storm at sea, Fingal's cave
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Mount Sinai, the Valley in which the Children of Israel were encamped
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (1775-1851)
View on the River Brent, North London
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
The Memorial to Byron, Scott and Moore
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Pendennis Castle and the entrance to Falmouth Harbour, Cornwall; Scene after a Wreck
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON 1775-1851)
Plymouth Citadel, a gale
JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER, R.A. (LONDON, 1775-1851)
Cologne from the river
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (1775-1851)
Sisteron from the North-West, with a Low Sun
Joseph Mallord William Turner, R.A. (London 1775-1851)
Babbacombe Bay from near Teignmouth, Devon