Canaletto

Giovanni Antonio Canal — known as Canaletto — was a prolific painter of sophisticated topographies of his native Venice. His eye for compositional balance in these vedute was likely aided by the use of a camera obscura, used to plot blueprints, which could be later worked into large canvases in his studio. But much more than formulaic representations, Canaletto sublimely blended the effects of sun and clouds to portray the city’s stone buildings, waterways and festivities with subtle plays of light and shadow, providing a unique sense of drama and majesty. His pictures were particularly popular with upper-class English tourists visiting Italy, who sustained much of his career.

Born in Venice in 1697, his father, a theatrical scene painter, initially trained him to produce opera sets in Rome. Inspired by the work of Giovanni Paolo Panini, he began to paint carefully composed, atmospheric cityscapes of local, urban life, which are considered amongst his most accomplished pictures. He soon realised, however, paintings of prominent views like the Grand Canal and Piazza San Marco, especially when filled with pageantry, were much more lucrative, and he started to streamline their production using a team of assistants. Between 1730 and 1742 Canaletto was at his most prolific, producing nearly all the Venetian cityscapes he is best known for.

After an introduction to the English banker — and later Consul to Venice — Joseph Smith, Canaletto visited England, returning repeatedly for years at a time between 1746 and 1756 to paint views of Eton College, Westminster Abbey and the Thames, as well as his various patrons’ estates. Due to the repetitiveness of his later career, though, his professional reputation fell into a decline he would never recover from.

After returning to Venice — where his work had initially failed to gain recognition — Canaletto was finally elected to the academy in 1763. His students included the vedutisti Francesco Guardi, Michele Marieschi and his nephew, Bernardo Bellotto. He died in Venice in 1768 and was buried in the church of San Lio.